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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Newspaper Article&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38571254" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38571254&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>May</text>
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                <text>celebration, custom, dancing, festivities, James II (r.1685-1688), Maia, May, May Day, maypole, medieval custom, medieval festivities, medieval procession, merrymaking, public holiday, puritans, Restoration, Roman, Romans</text>
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                <text>In this article from the Western Mail, the author relates details of the historical customs and festivities associated with the month of May. The article begins by describing the medieval tradition of â€˜a-mayingâ€™ and merrymaking on the first day of the month: â€˜May dayâ€™. This involved processions and dancing, often around a maypole. Maypoles, the author goes on to explain, were viewed as especially objectionable by the Puritans in the seventeenth century, and banned by Parliament between 1644 and 1660. The article concludes by suggesting that the name â€˜mayâ€™ was most likely Roman in origin - after Maia, the mother of Mercury.</text>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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                <text>9 May 1946, p.3</text>
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                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Photographs can be found at: http://www.territorystories.nt.gov.au/handle/10070/36939&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scripts/PhotoSearchItemDetail.asp?M=0&amp;amp;B=11660094&amp;amp;SE=1"&gt;http://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scripts/PhotoSearchItemDetail.asp?M=0&amp;amp;B=11660094&amp;amp;SE=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://mylibrary.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/PIC/BIBENQ?IRN=10828109&amp;amp;FMT=PA"&gt;http://mylibrary.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/PIC/BIBENQ?IRN=10828109&amp;amp;FMT=PA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.picturevictoria.vic.gov.au/site/maribyrnong/miscellaneous/4774.html"&gt;http://www.picturevictoria.vic.gov.au/site/maribyrnong/miscellaneous/4774.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%253A%252F%252Fhandle.slv.vic.gov.au%252F10381%252F45357"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%253A%252F%252Fhandle.slv.vic.gov.au%252F10381%252F45357&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%253A%252F%252Fhdl.handle.net%252F10462%252Fderiv%252F137235"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%253A%252F%252Fhdl.handle.net%252F10462%252Fderiv%252F137235&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.greataussieroadtrip.com.au/reviews/attraction-reviews/national-folk-festival-canberra.html"&gt;http://www.greataussieroadtrip.com.au/reviews/attraction-reviews/national-folk-festival-canberra.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://images.slsa.sa.gov.au/searcy/33/PRG280_1_33_118.htm"&gt;http://images.slsa.sa.gov.au/searcy/33/PRG280_1_33_118.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://innopac.slwa.wa.gov.au/record=b2214859"&gt;http://innopac.slwa.wa.gov.au/record=b2214859&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalogue.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/item/?id=AB713-1-1794"&gt;http://catalogue.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/item/?id=AB713-1-1794&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scripts/PhotoSearchItemDetail.asp?M=0&amp;amp;B=7883724&amp;amp;SE=1"&gt;http://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scripts/PhotoSearchItemDetail.asp?M=0&amp;amp;B=7883724&amp;amp;SE=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Maypole dancing around Australia</text>
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                <text>ACT, Australian Capital Territory, dance, festival, folk, folk dance, New South Wales, NSW, Norfolk Island, Northern Territory, NT, Qld, Queensland, SA, South Australia, Tas, Tasmania, Vic, Victoria, WA, Wales, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>Maypoles and the folk dance associated with them are a popular event, often involving children, at festivals throughout Australia. The origins, and possible symbolism, of Maypole dancing are uncertain but they can be traced back at least as far as the late medieval period, with a mid-fourteenth-century Welsh poem describing a Maypole of birch. The top of the pole often has coloured ribbons attached and the dance involves the participants moving in a circle around the pole weaving in and out, thereby forming a woven pattern with the ribbons around the Maypole. The links in this entry are of early Maypole dances from all States and Territories of Australia, as well as Norfolk Island. The age of some of the photographs suggest that the tradition of Maypole dancing may have arrived with the earliest European settlers.</text>
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                <text>14 June 2012</text>
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                <text>National Archives of Australia, National Library of Australia, Northern Territory Library, Picture Victoria, State Library of New South Wales, State Library of South Australia, State Library of Tasmania, State Library of Western Australia, Wollongong City Library.</text>
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        <name>maypole</name>
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        <name>Norfolk Island</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://medievalcombat.org/"&gt;http://medievalcombat.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>MCC Website - Medieval Combat</text>
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                <text>medieval combat, combat, re-enactment, training, battle, battles, martial arts, European, Middle Eastern, recreation, sport, sports, medieval sport, New South Wales, NSW, Cowra</text>
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                <text>The website for MCC - Medieval Combat, a group of martial enthusiasts and historians who are students and practitioners of both European and Middle Eastern martial arts. They are based in Cowra, New South Wales.</text>
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                <text>Accessed 26/11/2012</text>
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                <text>MCC</text>
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                <text>Procession halted in front of the Toowoomba Hall. Labor Day parade celebrates the eight hour working day. Processions with banners were a feature of the later medieval period. The metalworkers' banner has a medieval predecessor in the banners used by guilds (an association of craftsmen in the same trade), with each guild having a banner to show their trade.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>This article from the Junior Argus section of Melbourne newspaper The Argus describes what the author regards as 'strange' methods for ascertaining guilt or innocence in the medieval past. Short of finding reputable people to swear to a personâ€™s innocence upon oath, the article outlines the three different methods used in trials by ordeal. In the Ordeal of Fire, it explains, an accused person was forced to hold a red hot brazier and guilt was determined by whether the hands healed or blistered within a matter of days. Sometimes boiling water was used instead of fire. Alternatively the accused was restrained and thrown into a pool of water, and guilt was determined by whether they sank or swam. The premise of these ordeals was that God would intervene to protect the innocent. The author of the article concludes by drawing modern parallels between these â€˜terribleâ€™ and â€˜unjustâ€™ medieval practices and the â€˜barbaricâ€™ methods of punishment that were still being used in some countries.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>An image taken at the Kryal Castle model Medieval Torture display. The mannequins have been chained to the wall as prisoners in a medieval 'torture chamber.'&#13;
&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
&#13;
Located 8km from Ballarat in Victoria, Kryal Castle is a local tourist attraction. Described as â€˜Australiaâ€™s unique medieval castleâ€™, Kryal Castle can be hired for weddings, conferences, functions, and special events. It was built in 1972 and opened in 1974 by Keith Ryall. Its medieval architectural features include crenellation, a moat, and a defended gate with flanking towers, drawbridge and a porticullis. </text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.awlleather.com.au/al_med_shoes.html"&gt;http://www.awlleather.com.au/al_med_shoes.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Medieval â€˜Coppergateâ€™ Shoes</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Awl Leather, bags, belts, coppergate shoes, medieval clothing, medieval footwear, leather, leather goods, saddlers, Saxon shoes, shoes, Viking shoes, York</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18631">
                <text>Awl Leather, established in 1991, is a manufacturer of footwear, bags, belts and other leather accessories. They are also saddlers. This online catalogue features a selection of medieval style shoes, including several â€˜Coppergateâ€™, Viking, and Saxon shoes. The Coppergate-style shoes are based on an original medieval pattern found in York (UK), and have been dated to sometime between the tenth and thirteenth century. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18632">
                <text>Awl Leather, Bellingen NSW</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18633">
                <text>c. 2011</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18634">
                <text>Â© Awl Leather 2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Hyperlink</text>
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        <name>bags</name>
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        <name>belts</name>
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        <name>coppergate shoes</name>
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        <name>leather</name>
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      <tag tagId="4290">
        <name>leather goods</name>
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      <tag tagId="1290">
        <name>medieval clothing</name>
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        <name>medieval footwear</name>
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        <name>saddlers</name>
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      <tag tagId="4292">
        <name>Saxon shoes</name>
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      <tag tagId="2759">
        <name>shoes</name>
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        <name>Viking shoes</name>
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        <name>York</name>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a8ce5800fd6e0de5a95e7143e3a7a654.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34461">
                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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          <name>URL</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4384619" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4384619&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        </element>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31389">
                <text>Medieval Anatomy, &lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt;, 15 August 1931</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31390">
                <text>Adrenal glands, adrenaline, Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), anatomists, anatomy, animal spirit, blood, brain, British Medical Association, circulation, digestion, dissection, examinations, liver, medicine, medieval anatomy, natural spirit, physicians, Professor Buckmaster, Professor Osborne, Professor Wright, Renaissance medicine, surgeons, The Royal College of Surgeons, vapour, vital spirit, William Harvey (1578-1657). </text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Despite recognising that Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was one of the most progressive anatomists of his day, this article from &lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt; in 1931 incorrectly labels his views as those of &amp;lsquo;medieval anatomy&amp;rsquo;. The article describes a light-hearted lecture delivered to members of the British Medical Association in which Professor Wright, one of two prestigious visitors from the Royal College of Surgeons, adopted the role of Vesalius. In this role he proceeded to outline how the internal functions of the human body were understood prior to William Harvey&amp;rsquo;s discoveries concerning the circulatory system in the seventeenth century. However this model, which consists of three spirits (animal spirit, natural spirit and vital spirit) that are transported around the body by the blood and altered by heat and various secretions, is specific to the sixteenth century rather than the medieval period. This is because bodily dissection was heavily forbidden by the Catholic Church in the medieval period, and so anatomical discussions were limited. The use of &amp;lsquo;medieval&amp;rsquo; here refers rather to an early twentieth-century attitude that the theory was primitive and reactionary within a linear narrative of medical advancement. This is evident in the explanation offered by Professor Wright that &amp;ldquo;it emphasised to a modern audience the remarkable advances which had been made in 350 years&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;should teach the harm that could be done by adhering slavishly to conceptions which might be false&amp;rdquo;.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31392">
                <text>Anon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31393">
                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4384619" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4384619&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31394">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31395">
                <text>15 August 1931, p.21</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31396">
                <text>Copyright Expired</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31397">
                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
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        <name>Adrenal glands</name>
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        <name>adrenaline</name>
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        <name>anatomists</name>
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        <name>anatomy</name>
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        <name>Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)</name>
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        <name>animal spirit</name>
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        <name>blood</name>
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        <name>brain</name>
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        <name>British Medical Association</name>
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        <name>circulation</name>
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        <name>digestion</name>
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        <name>dissection</name>
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        <name>examinations</name>
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        <name>liver</name>
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      <tag tagId="1334">
        <name>medicine</name>
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        <name>medieval anatomy</name>
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        <name>natural spirit</name>
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        <name>physicians</name>
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        <name>Professor Buckmaster</name>
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        <name>Professor Osborne</name>
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        <name>Professor Wright</name>
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        <name>Renaissance medicine</name>
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        <name>surgeons</name>
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        <name>The Royal College of Surgeons</name>
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        <name>vapour</name>
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        <name>vital spirit</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5968">
        <name>William Harvey (1578-1657)</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
