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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"Plastic Surgery: Byways of Medical History, Medieval Practioners", taken from The Canberra Times.</text>
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                <text>Ambroise Pare, anatomy, Comprachicos, cosmetic surgery, facial surgery, Fallopius, Firancas of Catania, Gaspara Tagliogozzi, Johann Dieffenbach, medicine, medieval medicine,  modern surgery, operation, surgery, Victor Hugo.</text>
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                <text>This article traces the roots of modern cosmetic surgery to the medieval period. It suggests that the first forms of plastic surgery were performed by a fifteenth-century Sicilian family, the Firancas of Catania. The practice then fell into disuse, the article claims, until 1597 when it was revived by Gaspara Tagliocozzi. However, the alteration of oneâ€™s natural, God-given features was condemned by the Church and, for using his surgical skills to attempt this, Tagliocozzi was condemned by his contemporaries Ambroise Pare and the anatomist Fallopius. The article goes on to discuss some other forms of appearance altering surgery, such as that performed by a group of rogue surgeons â€“ the Comprachicos â€“ to  surgically disfigure children in the seventeenth century, but suggests that cosmetic surgery did not become popular or widely accepted until the nineteenth century.</text>
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                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1218384" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1218384&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Canberra Times</text>
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                <text>14 October 1927</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"This Must Not Happen Here" </text>
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                <text>Armbands, barbaric, barbarism, ghetto, ghettoisation, Judaism, Jew, Jewish, medieval barbarity, medieval horror, Nazi, Nazism, photography, Poland, victimisation, World news World War II, World War Two, WWII </text>
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                <text>This photograph from the Canberra Times depicts a ghetto in Poland during Nazi Rule. A group of Jewish people can be seen wearing armbands. Their treatment is conemned by the reporter as an example of medieval barbarity, with the caption suggesting that "under Nazi rule, the horrors of the Middle Ages have reappeared".</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2565562" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2565562&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>9 July 1941, p.6</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span style="font-family: tahoma; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16635208" target="_blank"&gt; http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16635208&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>"The Spirit of the Middle Ages in Macquarie Street"</text>
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                <text>This photograph in The Sydney Morning Herald in 1930 shows three sculptures of medieval knights. The seated knights are on the new B.M.A. (British Medical Association) Building in Macquarie Street, Sydney. They wear full body armour and helmets with visors, and hold a shield before them carrying the insignia of the Association.</text>
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                <text>21 March 1930</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"Should the Warrior of Today Wear Armor?"</text>
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                <text>An article in the New York Times on September 19, 1915, advocating the use of armor/armour and citing the example of Ned kelly. The article was written by Bashford Dean, Curator of Armor at the Metropolitan Museum in New York. Professor Dean notes that in 1880 Ned Kelly was able to survive a considerable time in badly made armour and could only be injured, and that if present-day (1915) soldiers wore professionally made armour they would be likely to prove victorious in trench warfare. The article is a good example of how the fame of Ned Kelly and his armour, making him similar to a medieval knight, had spread abroad by a fairly early date. The article also features illustrations of post-medieval armour.  </text>
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                <text>The New York Times</text>
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                <text>The New York Times</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab38025"&gt;http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab38025&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This print of a wood engraving of Ned Kelly in his final battle is based on a sketch 'drawn on the spot' by T. Carrington. The picture shows a Ned Kelly in his helmet firing his pistol. His plate body armour is hidden by an overcoat. The armour and helmet draw obvious parallels to suits of armour worn by medieval knights. The picture is held at the State Library of Victoria.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For the image see &lt;a href="http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab38025" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab38025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Carrington, Francis Thomas Dean</text>
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                <text>State Library of Victoria</text>
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                <text>July 1880</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16229">
                <text>State Library of Victoria</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"Harder than Steel"</text>
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                <text>Architecture, carving, clay, Daily Telegraph building, Fleet Street, gargoyles, London, mason, masonry, medieval cathedrals, medieval methods, modelling, sculptor, sculpture, stone, stonework.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This article from the Canberra Times discusses changing methods of sculpting designs into stone. It distinguishes between recent methods (in 1930) in which designs were modelled onto clay and then copied onto stone or marble by masons, and older medieval methods by which designs were carved directly into the stone. This method, the author claims, was making a comeback, as evidenced by the heads on the Daily Telegraph building in Fleet Street, London.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17314">
                <text>Unknown.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2354231" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2354231&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Canberra Times</text>
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                <text>24 December 1930, p.5</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17318">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"Australian War Memorial: Largest Stone Building in the Southern Hemisphere."</text>
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                <text>ACT, architecture, Australian Capital Territory, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, cloisters, Court of Honour, gargoyles,  Hall of Memory, loggia, medieval architecture, memorial, monument, sandstone, stone building, Tower, war, war memorial.</text>
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                <text>This article from The Canberra Times in 1941 provides an update on the building of the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Construction had begun in 1937, and the Memorial was set to be the largest stone building in the southern hemisphere. A description of the memorial is provided, from which it is apparent that some of its features are based on medieval architecture. This includes a row of decorative gargoyles lining the Court of Honour, and the inclusion of loggia and cloisters in the overall design.  Cloisters were a common feature of medieval monasteries, while gargoyles were used in gothic architecture to direct water away from buildings. </text>
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                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2561830" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2561830&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism in the Classroom</text>
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                  <text>This Collection traces the development of academic medievalism in Australiaâ€™s universities, and explores the disciplineâ€™s complex ideological affiliations. In this Collection you will find items relating to: the medievalist content of educational programmes, such as examples of university unit outlines; the teaching of the medieval through processes of medievalism, such as in demonstrations of medieval cooking or fighting techniques; and references to the medieval in modern educational debates and contexts.</text>
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                <text>Commemoration</text>
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                <text>Academia, academic, academic formality, ceremony, Commem Day, commemoration, commemoration speech, formality, Latin, NSW, New South Wales, Oxford University, senate, speech, student, students, Sydney, The University of Sydney, undergraduates, university. </text>
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                <text>Sydney University Commemoration speech. Refers to the undergraduates' role as the &lt;em&gt;terrae filius&lt;/em&gt; of "medieval times." With a literal meaning of 'son of the earth', &lt;em&gt;terrae filius&lt;/em&gt; has also been used to describe a student asked to deliver a satirical Latin poem at Oxford University.</text>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15054767" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15054767&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Sydney Morning Herald</text>
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                <text>1 May 1909</text>
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