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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>A close-up of the upper level of the Mitchell Building at The University of Adelaide. The Mitchell Building was designed by South Australian architect Willliam McMinn in the Victorian Academic Gothic style and constructed between 1879 and 1881. In this photograph, a number of the buildingâ€™s neo-gothic features are evident. These include: the upper level windows, which comprise pairs of trefoil pointed lancets separated by a stone mullion and topped with a quatrefoil window, all contained within a single equilateral pointed arch; the blind tracery, arcading and rose window on the adjacent wall; the lancet arcade forming a parapet along the roofline and the false machiolation used for decorative effect below; the gable roof; and the turret.&#13;
&#13;
About the Mitchell Building:&#13;
&#13;
The Mitchell Building officially opened in 1882. It was the first building on the North Terrace campus of The University of Adelaide and originally housed all of the university disciplines. It was named the Mitchell Building in 1961 in honour of Sir William Mitchell, who was Vice-Chancellor of the university from 1916-1942 and Chancellor from 1942-1948. Today the Mitchell Building is used as an administrative hub. </text>
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                <text>These photographs show a coat of arms on the exterior of Government House in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. They feature a male and female knight/warrior, both with a sword and wearing armour. The female, possibly Joan of Arc, is also wearing an open-faced helmet. The Latin motto Sans Mal translates as â€˜without maliceâ€™.&#13;
&#13;
Government House was designed by the English architect Edward Blore and supervised by the Colonial Architect Mortimer Lewis. The House is in Gothic Revival style and resembles a castle, complementing the earlier castle-inspired stables (Greenway Building). The building, completed in 1845, is highly decorative and features extensive crenellation, turrets, towers, stained glass, and tracery.  </text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text> Abbot, Benedictine monks, Benedictines, Catholic, Coat of Arms, crosier, cross, ecclesiastical heraldry, external ornaments, galero, hat, heraldry, insignia, lion, mitre, monastery, monasticism, monks, New Norcia, Order of St Benedict, patriarchal cross, pontifical hat, religious house, shield, swan, St Benedict of Nursia, vestments. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This coat of arms is displayed above the gates of  the New Norcia monastery. The pontifical hat at the top, called a  galero, has been a common motif in ecclesiastical heraldry since the  fifteenth century. As a vestment, the galero dates to c.1245, when red  hats were bestowed upon cardinals by Innocent IV. In heraldry it is used  to symbolise church hierarchy; different colours and numbers of tassels  denote different offices. The 6 tassels on either side of the shield in  the New Norcia coat of arms signify that the monastery is overseen by a  bishop. The mitre hat below the galero is the insignia of bishops and  abbots. In this case, it most likely refers to the fact that the  monastery is presided over by an abbot. Behind the shield, a cross and  crosier in saltire are also common external ornaments on ecclesiastical  coats of arms. On the shield itself, symbols identify the building as a  religious house (the all-seeing eye with a cross and the word &amp;ldquo;fides&amp;rdquo;)  and a male Benedictine community (the patriarchal cross bearing the  Benedictine motto &amp;ldquo;pax&amp;rdquo;). The swan is emblematic of its location in  Western Australia. For more on ecclesiastical heraldry, see Bruno  Bernard Heim, &lt;em&gt;Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origins, Customs and Laws, &lt;/em&gt;(Van Duren, Buckinghamshire, 1978).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About New Norcia:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
New  Norcia is a monastic town located 132 km north of Perth in Western  Australia. The town is owned and run by a community of Benedictine monks  and houses one of only three Benedictine monasteries (for men) in  Australia. At its height the monastery housed approximately 80 monks,  but currently there are only seven in residence. The Benedictines are  part of a religious order within the Catholic Church known as the Order  of St Benedict (OSB). Benedictines live in small, largely autonomous  communities and base their way of life on the Rule of St Benedict, which  prioritises a balance of prayer and work and calls for promises of  stability, obedience and a conversion of life. The first Benedictine  community was established in the sixth century in Italy by St Benedict  of Nursia (c.480-547).&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Originally  intended as a mission to evangelise and educate the indigenous peoples  of the Victoria Plains, the site at New Norcia was founded in 1847 by  two Spanish Benedictine missionaries, Dom Jos&amp;eacute; Benito Serra and Dom  Rosendo Salvado. Serra&amp;rsquo;s involvement in the missionary activities at new  Norcia decreased following his appointment as Co-adjutor Bishop of  Perth in 1849, while Salvado (1814-1900) committed himself wholly to  developing the mission and leading the monastic community. He  subsequently became the key figure in the first 50 years of New Norcia&amp;rsquo;s  history. He made numerous fundraising trips to Europe, which provided  him with the means to purchase books, vestments, artwork and equipment  for the community and also to oversee the construction of new buildings.  He died in Rome in 1900 and his body was returned to New Norcia. Under  Salvado&amp;rsquo;s successor, Bishop Fulgentius Torres (1861-1914), New Norcia  became more like a traditional monastic settlement. An increased focus  on education and artistic pursuits led to the establishment of two  schools and improvements to many of the town&amp;rsquo;s buildings. For more  information on New Norcia, see the New Norcia Benedictine Community  website: &lt;a href="http://newnorcia.wa.edu.au/" target="_blank"&gt;http://newnorcia.wa.edu.au/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>McEwan, Joanne</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15054767" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15054767&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Newspaper Article: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49052406" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49052406&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Commoners Invoked Magna Carta</text>
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                <text>Administrative system, Archbishop Stephen Langton, barons, boroughs, British Commonwealth, Bruton School, Charter, church, cities, commoners, commonwealth, Crown, crusades, feudal system, free trial, Great Charter (1215), human rights, inspeximus copy, judicial system, justice, King John (r.1199-1216), law, legal judgement, liberty, Library Committee, Lincoln Cathedral, Magna Carta, medieval law, medieval people, merchants, National Library, parliament, Professor Murdoch, rights, Robert Fitzwalter (d.1235), subjects, towns, trial by ordeal, United States, villein, weights and measures, William de Braioise</text>
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                <text>In this article rebutting criticisms levelled at the Australian Government for its decision to purchase an inspeximus copy (1297) of Magna Carta in 1952, the author begins by reminding readers that the important medieval document would be placed on display in the National Library, where it could be viewed by members of the public. He goes on to explain the significance of Magna Carta, stating that it did not function merely to protect the rights of barons as was often thought, but also those of â€˜the Church, merchants, cities, towns and boroughsâ€™. Additionally, he continues, it set up a judicial and administrative system and established precedents to guarantee the liberty of all subjects. Examples are then provided to support the authorâ€™s claim that medieval people recognised the wider remit of Magna Carta, including that of a villein who invoked the Charter to sue a Prior and a tenantâ€™s widow who invoked it against an Earl.</text>
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                <text>The West Australian</text>
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                <text>13 September 1952, p 2.</text>
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