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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>Photograph - Metal, paint.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/REL39641"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/REL39641&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>C. E. W. Bean Oxford University heraldic shield</text>
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                <text>Charles Edwin Woodrow Bean, Victoria Barracks, Collaroy, plaque, heraldry, education, historians, official war histories, First World War, World War, war, World War I, journalism, Sydney Morning Herald, Gallipoli, Western Front, Australian War Memorial, Commonwealth Archives, Sir William Throsby Bridges and Sir Cyril Brudnell Bingham White, Tuggeranong, Oxford, university, Oxford University, shield</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Entry on Australian War Memorial website:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Black painted curved metal shield designed as a wall plaque, with the heraldic crest of Oxford University. The crest features an open book bearing the motto 'Dominus illuminatio mea' , with two crowns above the book and one below. The top of the shield has a semi-circular section soldered to it, to which is attached a black painted metal inverted 'V', folded over a metal ring, which allows it to be displayed on a wall. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Permalink:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/REL39640" target="_blank"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/REL39641&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;span&gt;Summary from Australian War Memorial website:&lt;br /&gt;This object was collected from Charles Bean's study at his home 'Clifton' in Collaroy, NSW. Bean is perhaps best remembered for the official histories of Australia in the First World War, of which he wrote six volumes and edited the remainder. Before this, however, he was Australia's official correspondent to the war. He was also the driving force behind the establishment of the Australian War Memorial. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Charles Edwin Woodrow Bean was born on 18 November 1879 at Bathurst, New South Wales. His family moved to England when he was ten. He completed his education there, eventually studying classics and law at Oxford. Bean returned to Australia in 1904 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Having dabbled in journalism, Bean joined the Sydney Morning Herald as a junior reporter in January 1908. He published several books before being posted to London in 1910. In 1913 he returned to Sydney as the Herald's leader writer. When the First World War began, Bean won an Australian Journalists Association ballot and became official correspondent to the AIF. He accompanied the first convoy to Egypt, landed at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 and began to make his name as a tireless, thorough and brave correspondent. He was wounded in August but remained on Gallipoli for most of the campaign, leaving just a few days before the last troops. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; He then reported on the Australians on the Western Front where his admiration of the AIF crystallised into a desire to create a permanent memorial to their sacrifice and achievements. In addition to his journalism, Bean filled hundreds of diaries and notebooks, all with a view to writing a history of the AIF when the war ended. In addition he organised the collection of battlefield relics from AIF soldiers on the Western Front through the formation of the Australian War Records Section. In early 1919 he led a historical mission to Gallipoli to collect relics for the Memorial, obtain Turkish accounts of the campaign and report on the condition of war graves. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; On his return to Australia Bean and his staff moved into Tuggeranong homestead, south of Canberra, to work on the official history. In 1921 he married Ethel (Effie) Young, a nursing sister at the Queanbeyan hospital whom he first met when she visited Tuggeranong to play tennis. They later moved to Sydney, where he continued to write at Victoria Barracks. When he began, Bean imagined that the history would take five years to write; in the event it took 23 years, and the final volume did not appear until 1942. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Besides his written work, Bean worked tirelessly on creating the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. He was present when the building opened on 11 November 1941 and became Chairman of the Memorial's board in 1952. He maintained a close association with the institution for the rest of his life. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; During the Second World War, Bean liaised between the Chiefs of Staff and the press for the Department of Information. He became Chairman of the Commonwealth Archives Committee and was instrumental in creating the Commonwealth Archives. Between 1947 and 1958 he was Chairman of the Promotion Appeals Board of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. He also continued to write, producing a history of Australia's independent schools and finally a book on two senior AIF figures, Sir William Throsby Bridges and Sir Cyril Brudnell Bingham White. Bean received a number of honorary degrees and declined a knighthood. Bean, one of the most admired Australians of his generation, died after a long illness in Concord Repatriation Hospital in 1968. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Much of the material from Bean's study was originally housed in his Tuggeranong Homestead office where he began writing the official histories. When the family moved it was transferred to his homes in Sydney. Effie continued to use the study after her husband's death. The study was dismantled after her death in July 1991 and transferred to the Australian War Memorial.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/REL39640" target="_blank"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/REL39640&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Australian War Memorial Website</text>
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                <text>c 1898-1902, UK</text>
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                <text>Australian War Memorial&#13;
REL39641</text>
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                <text>Photograph; Hyperlink</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Link to Poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ironbarkresources.com/henrylawson/OldSquire.html"&gt;http://www.ironbarkresources.com/henrylawson/OldSquire.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>"The Old Squire Sir William rode to Virland," Henry Lawson </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13291">
                <text>Henry Lawson, Australian poetry, Australian, poem, poetry, bush poetry, poet, bush poem, bush poet, Australian, nationalism, Nationalism Movement, Australian nationalism, Sir William rode to Virland </text>
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                <text>Henry Lawson (1867-1922), one of Australia's most famous poets, and a symbol for the Australian Nationalism Movement.  </text>
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                <text>Lawson, Henry</text>
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                <text>Austlit Database</text>
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                <text>1908</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>Poem;&#13;
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ironbarkresources.com/henrylawson/QueenHildaOfVirland.html"&gt;http://www.ironbarkresources.com/henrylawson/QueenHildaOfVirland.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Queen Hilda of Virland, poem by Henry Lawson</text>
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                <text>Henry Lawson, bush poem, poem, poetry, poet, bush poet, bush poetry, Australian, Australian nationalism, nationalism, Australian Nationalism Movement, bush, Australian poetry, Queen Hilda of Virland, Jules Verne</text>
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                <text>Henry Lawson (1867-1922), one of Australia's most famous poets, and a symbol for the Australian Nationalism Movement, wrote this poem in 1910 (MS). The meaning is unclear but Lawson writes of a mythical kingdom of Virland. It could be an allegory of the English queen and Commonwealth. In Jules Verne's 'Journey to the Centre of the Earth' there was a girl from Virland. Virland was also the ancient name for northern Estonia. In 'The Old Squire' is a poem titled 'Sir William Rode to Virland'.</text>
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                <text>Lawson, Henry</text>
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                <text>The Bulletin, vol.29 no.1476, 28 May 1908  </text>
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                <text>28 May 1908</text>
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                <text>Public domain</text>
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                <text>Interested parties plead their cause, which is to allow distillation of alcoholic drinks, to his Excellency, Lieut, Col. George Gawler, Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of South Australia, and to the Legislative Assembly. Their main claims are that prohibition does not work, that they need employment, that agricultural productivity relies on distillation and that scaring people about the evils of 'drink' is counterproductive. A medieval English lexicon of complaint is found in the final addresses: 'on these grounds your petitioners respectfully pray', and 'your petitioners will ever pray, etc.' A tone of deferral to his 'Excellency' combines with rational argument against prohibition.</text>
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                <text>The Advertiser, p. 3</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;See p 136.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>Deaths of Great Men - Chaucer</text>
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                <text>A miscellaneous piece titled 'The Deaths of Great Men' remarks how 'deeply interesting' it is to ponder the death-bed scene of those geniuses who are immortalized by their fame. Hallet, the great physiologist, died taking his pulse, it is said. Petrarch died leaning on a book and Chaucer died writing a ballad titled 'A Ballad made by Geoffrey Chaucer on his death-bed, lying in great anguish.' We can see where this opinion piece is going! Pope, Godfrey Kneller,  Bishop Newton, Nelson, Lord Chesterfield, Sir Thomas More all enjoy similar treatment.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Sedition Charge "Medieval" Counsel Argues</text>
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                <text>monarchy, monarchist, anti-monarchist, anti-monarchy, Queen Elizabeth II, communist, communism, Communist Review, treason, sedition, common law, medieval justice</text>
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                <text>Three members responsible for an anti-monarchist article in the 'Communist Review' are on trial for sedition. Their defence counsel argues that such charges are 'medieval' and out of step with modern life. The article claims that Queen Elizabeth II betrayed her oath to her people by surrounding herself with wealthy courtiers. Their lawyers invoked common law to protect the printer of the publication as he did not write the article.</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;National Library of Australia&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18381785" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18381785&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Sydney Morning Herald</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sat 22 April 1953</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5590">
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        <name>Communist Review</name>
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        <name>medieval justice</name>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.austlit.edu.au/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.austlit.edu.au/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#13;
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                <text>Abstract: Matthews finds a unity in the arrangement of stories in While the Billy Boils. The chronological nature of the stories, the use of rumour and the consistent use of time and distance are all elements that support the structure of the collection. Matthews concludes that the world of While the Billy Boils is "various and crowded", but it is a world "in which the whole undeniably loose undertaking can be regarded as hanging together". (Quoted from Auslit Website information).&#13;
&#13;
Matthews remarks that '...above all, the rumour and the reality which stalks through Lawson's fictional world with almost medieval intensity &#13;
and obsessiveness is Death.'p 194. Whether this is a fair description of 'the medieval' in Lawson's poetry is unclear but Lawson is preoccupied with injustice, and the uncomfortably close gap between annihilation and the vicissitudes of his ife: poverty, illness or war.(HH)&#13;
&#13;
AustLit BRN: 21818   &#13;
Last amended: 24 Jul 2001    </text>
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