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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39362684" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39362684&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Meet Saltbush Bill &amp;ndash; A Real Troubador of the Outback&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;Western Mail&lt;/em&gt;, 1 July 1954</text>
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                <text>Band, entertainment, folk music, itinerant, lyric poetry, minstrel, music, outback, performers, Saltbush Bill, singer, travelling show, troubadour, wandering singers, William Rawle.</text>
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                <text>This interest piece from the&lt;em&gt; Western Mail&lt;/em&gt; in 1954 introduces readers to Saltbush Bill, a travelling Australian folk band created and led by Queenslander William Rawle. The article likens the band to the troubadours of the medieval period, because they toured a number of small, outback Australian towns. Troubadours were travelling performers - or &amp;lsquo;wandering minstrels&amp;rsquo; - in the High Middle Ages, who moved from town to town singing and reciting lyrical poetry, which were often based on themes of chivalry and courtly love.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Frank Devine</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39362684" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39362684&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Western Mail&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>1 July 1954, p.48</text>
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                <text>Copyright Expired</text>
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                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41446579" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41446579&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Melbourne Investiture: Honours Conferred with Sword&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt;, 6 November 1937</text>
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                <text>Accolade, authority, ceremony, chivalry, dubbing, Governor-General, honours, investiture, Kingâ€™s Coronation Honours, knight, knighthood, letters patent, Lord Gowrie, pageantry, Parliament House, sword.</text>
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                <text>This article from &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt; in 1937 reports on a number of new knighthoods awarded as part of the King&amp;rsquo;s Coronation Honours. For the first time, the article informs readers, the recipients were &amp;lsquo;dubbed&amp;rsquo; by the Governor-General, Lord Gowrie, at Parliament House during a &amp;lsquo;ceremony of medieval pageantry&amp;rsquo;. The ceremony was undertaken with the permission of the King, who was traditionally the only figure with the authority to confer honours with a sword. The act of dubbing involves a light blow to the shoulders of a kneeling recipient with the flat side of a sword. Dubbing is an essential part of the public investiture ceremony and dates to the medieval period.</text>
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                <text>Anon</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41446579" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41446579&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>6 November 1937, p.18</text>
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                <text>Copyright Expired</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4073779" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4073779&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Mr Waller Napier Returns&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt;, 10 March 1930.</text>
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                <text>art, electric furnace, medieval craft, Melbourne, Melbourne Town Hall, Mervyn Napier Waller (1893-1972), mosaic, mural paintings, National Gallery, stained glass, VIC, Victoria.</text>
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                <text>This article from &lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt; in 1930 reports on the return to Melbourne of famed Australian mosaic and stained glass artist Mervyn Napier Wallace and his wife. Napier, whose mosaics in the Melbourne Town Hall and the National Gallery were already well known, returned from visiting Europe with the most recent kind of electric furnace for firing and annealing stained glass and an intention to set up a studio in Melbourne. During his tour of Europe the works that attracted him most, the article reports, were those hailing from the medieval period when stained glass was regarded as a craft rather than an art form, namely 4th-13th century France and 12th-13th century Italy.</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4073779" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4073779&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>10 March 1930, p.6</text>
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        <name>Mervyn Napier Waller (1893-1972)</name>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;My Lady of the Lake&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 15 December 1904</text>
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                <text>Adam Lindsay Gordon (1833-1870), Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892), Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837-1909), Arthurian myth, Charles Crawford, &lt;em&gt;Ex-Voto&lt;/em&gt;, Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400), &lt;em&gt;Joyous Garde&lt;/em&gt;, Nixon Waterman (1859-1944), Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832),&lt;em&gt; The Girl Who Loved Him So, The Lady of Shallot, The Lady of the Lake, The Parliament of Fowls,&lt;/em&gt; Victorian medievalism, Victorian poetry.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;This light-hearted poem by Charles Crawford is packed with poetic allusion, and with classical, medieval, and medievalist references. We find mention of several beautiful women from classical antiquity: Queen Semiramis, Eurydice, Judith, Cytheris, and Helen of Troy. However, this is similar to a listing that renowned medieval author Geoffrey Chaucer provides in &lt;em&gt;The Parliament of Fowls&lt;/em&gt;. There is also a barely altered line from Adam Lindsay Gordon&amp;rsquo;s medievalist poem &lt;em&gt;Joyous Garde&lt;/em&gt;, which Crawford renders: &amp;ldquo;And mute and still I stood, until&amp;rdquo; (as opposed to Gordon&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;And I stood watching [...] still and mute&amp;rdquo;). They amount to much the same thing: the fascinated and enraptured male gaze. Additionally, there is half a line from a poem by American writer and columnist Nixon Waterman, and Charles Swinburne is represented through use of the descriptive phrase &amp;ldquo;[That in] my veins like wine.&amp;rdquo; Yet, this poem is not some wistful legend revived by Sir Walter Scott or Lord Tennyson as the title would suggest. It is an Australian poem (for we hear &amp;ldquo;The bell-bird&amp;rsquo;s call&amp;rdquo;) and a pragmatic worldly poem, which rather pokes fun at nostalgic Romantic styles:&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But shame on it, to think a bit &lt;br /&gt;Of muslin skirt, &lt;br /&gt;Combined with witchery and wit, &lt;br /&gt;And Venus modelled into it &lt;br /&gt;[...] &lt;br /&gt;Should get beneath a fellow&amp;rsquo;s guard, &lt;br /&gt;And hit him straight and hit him hard.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;On Keira&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 16 June 1910</text>
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                <text>Armour, chivalry, death, E. J. Brady (1869-1952), Gerringong, humour, Illawarra region, knight, loss, love, Mt Keira, NSW, old age, regret, Shoalhaven, Wollongong escarpment, youth.</text>
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                <text>This intensely nostalgic medieval poem by E. J. Brady &amp;ldquo;is most distinctive for its unapologetic insertion of the chivalric into the local&amp;rdquo;, which becomes the source of unintended humour (Louise D&amp;rsquo;Arcens, &lt;em&gt;Old Songs in the Timeless Land: Medievalism in Australian Literature 1840-1910,&lt;/em&gt; Turnhout, Brepols, 2011, p.141). Looking out on that same geological vista (the Wollongong escarpment), it is indeed difficult to envisage Brady&amp;rsquo;s youthful knight in armour dashing stubbornly to fame and fortune at the expense of his own happiness, with anything like a straight face. However, with some deft poetic substitution and &amp;ldquo;Tennysonian&amp;rdquo; reworking on Brady&amp;rsquo;s part (D&amp;rsquo;Arcens, p.141), the Illawarra region of NSW is transformed, at least temporarily, into a mystical fairyland. As the narrator of the poem here regretfully contemplates the paths he didn&amp;rsquo;t follow, this poem serves as a poignant reminder to readers of the need to make the right decisions in life, especially those concerning love and happiness, lest they suffer the unrelenting pangs of grief and loss.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1031" target="_self"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1031&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;On Tapestry&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 14 July 1910</text>
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                <text>Ballad, chivalry, Courtly Love, crusade, E. J. Brady (1869-1952), Holy Land, joust,  knight, romance.</text>
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                <text>This engaging &amp;ldquo;McCrae-like medieval narrative ballad&amp;rdquo; (John B. Webb, &amp;ldquo;A Critical Biography of Edwin James Brady 1869-1952&amp;rdquo; PhD Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1972, p.95) concerns the fortunes of a triad of ill-starred lovers. On one hand there is brave Sir Maurice, the wealthy and impetuous knight who excels in chivalric conduct but who is tragically slain while crusading in the Holy Land. On the other is the golden-haired Lady Alice, a romantic counterpart for him who naively &amp;ldquo;vowed [...] Her Lord he&amp;rsquo;d be&amp;rdquo;. Unknown to either of these two quixotically tempered day-dreaming protagonists is the real target of Cupid&amp;rsquo;s dart, the &amp;ldquo;crow-haired&amp;rdquo; ladies maid, who recognises from the outset that her suit is hopeless, and who must content herself with plaintive prayers and &amp;ldquo;A [hasty] daylight glance.&amp;rdquo; The tragedy of the missed opportunity that is all too often &amp;lsquo;staring you in the face&amp;rsquo; is a theme that Brady also favours and highlights in his less accomplished, more light-hearted medievalist poem, &amp;lsquo;On Keira (See: &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1032" target="_self"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1032&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;rsquo;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Parkes and the Templars&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 3 September 1887</text>
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                <text>alcohol, Bulletin, drunkenness, I.O.G.T., New South Wales, NSW, piety, pledge, poem, politics, Sir Henry Parkes (1815-1896), state politics, temperance, Templars. </text>
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                <text>This poem has links with medievalism through its reference to &amp;lsquo;the Templars&amp;rsquo;. However, the Templars to whom it refers are not the famous medieval order of crusading knights but rather the crusading nineteenth-century temperance society, the I.O.G.T. The anonymous writer accuses Sir Henry Parkes (P-RK-S) of joining with, or rather of making use of, the temperance league for vested political interests. Presumably, the wily NSW premier was being accused of securing temperance votes by any means possible; including offering false &amp;lsquo;pledges.&amp;rsquo; At the time, Parkes was into his fourth premiership, which he secured on a Free Trade ticket. He later managed to attain the office for a fifth time, equalling the accomplishment of his old rival Sir John Robertson. It is unlikely that Parkes ever seriously entertained the idea of enforcing temperance on the colony; he was too canny and his own fondness for champagne was too well known (see A. W. Martin, 'Parkes, Sir Henry (1815&amp;ndash;1896)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, &lt;a href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/parkes-sir-henry-4366" target="_blank"&gt;http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/parkes-sir-henry-4366&lt;/a&gt;). He did, however, &amp;ldquo;regulate the liquor trade&amp;rdquo; in 1881, which pleased the temperance groups momentarily. The final stanza of the poem announces &amp;ldquo;When all the world is turned teetotal / Then P----s will leave the pleasant bottle, / But that&amp;rsquo;s in dim hereafter.&amp;rdquo; The anonymous Bulletin contributor also upbraids Sir Henry (and presumably politicians in general) for failing to maintain and justify &amp;lsquo;broken&amp;rsquo; political pledges, for reasons only hinted at here.</text>
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                <text>The Bulletin</text>
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                <text>3 September 1887, p.8</text>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Rival Saints&amp;rsquo; &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 2 May 1903.</text>
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                <text>Budget, Federation, Livingston Hopkins aka â€˜Hopâ€™ (1846-1927), Manifesto, New South Wales, NSW politics, politics, sainthood, saints, sanctity, showmanship, Sir George Reid (1845-1918), Sir Joseph Carruthers (1856-1932), stained glass, taxation.</text>
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                <text>This 1903 Bulletin cover by Hop, which lampoons NSW politicians Sir George Reid (the Freetrade advocate) and Sir Joseph Carruthers (illustrated here holding a copy of his reform policy), draws on medievalism by depicting them as saints in stylised medieval stained glass windows. The figure on the left, Sir George Reid, is monocled, generously rotund, and wearing a walrus moustache. He was at various times the NSW Premier, Australian Prime Minister, and in later years, Australian High Commissioner. Although the cartoon depicts him openly displaying the word Federation on his ample frontage, he is generally regarded as having been somewhat ambivalent about its future (W. G. McMinn, 'Reid, Sir George Houstoun (1845&amp;ndash;1918)', &lt;em&gt;Australian Dictionary of Biography&lt;/em&gt;, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/reid-sir-george-houstoun-8173). Elsewhere in the same issue, The Bulletin takes Sir Joseph Carruthers&amp;rsquo; Manifesto, which he is shown holding here, to task, dismissing it because &amp;ldquo;There is not a word about taxation, not a word about borrowing, nor about spending loan money&amp;rdquo; (See &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 2 May, 1903, p.9). Hop&amp;rsquo;s cartoon suggests that neither of these figures is deserving of the recognition of sainthood, regardless of their titles, bluster, and showmanship.</text>
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                <text>Livingston Hopkins (â€˜Hopâ€™)</text>
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                <text>The Bulletin</text>
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                <text>The Bulletin</text>
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                <text>2 May 1903 (Cover)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23689">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
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