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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Newspaper Article in The Western Argus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;National Library of Australia - &lt;font color="#000000" face="Tahoma" size="2"&gt;&lt;font face="Calibri" size="3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34593995" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-&lt;wbr&gt;article34593995&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Mace of Parliament</text>
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                <text>authority, black rod, British Empire, ceremony, cross, crown, custom, decoration, emblem, harp, House of Commons, House of Lords, John Beckett (1984-1964), King, Legislative Assembly, Long Parliament (1653), mace, medieval customs, medieval tradition, Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), orb, ornamentation, Parliament, parliamentary officials, parliamentary personnel, politician, ritual, rose, royal bodyguard, sergeant, serjeant-at-arms, Speaker, symbol, symbol of office, thistle, tradition, Usher of the Black Rod, Victoria, Victorian House of Parliament, waratah, warfare, weapon, weaponry, weapons</text>
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                <text>In this article from the Western Argus, the significance and history of the mace in parliamentary proceedings is explained. The author describes the mace used in the Victorian Legislative Assembly as a sceptre surmounted by a cross, an orb and the crown of England. It is also decorated with the waratah flower of Australia, the rose of England, the thistle of Scotland and the harp of Ireland. The symbolic and ceremonial function of the mace in the opening and closing of parliamentary proceedings is explained, and the history of the mace as a weapon of medieval warfare is noted. The article suggests that the association of the mace with parliament is likely to originate from the medieval period: â€œIn medieval England the king appointed a Royal bodyguard of stalwart men, gaudily uniformed, and each bearing a mace. They came to be known as serjeants-at-arms. When Parliament was divided into two Houses â€“ the Commons and the Lords â€“ two serjeants-at-arms were provided from the Kingâ€™s bodyguard. The institution has survived. With the serjeant-at-arms has remained the mace, not as a weapon but as a symbol of office; and gradually the mace came to be associated with all the ceremonies and customs of the Commonsâ€. The article goes on to explain the traditional rivalry between the House of Commons and the House of Lords concerning the superior authority of the mace or its equivalent in the House of lords, the black rod (in the keeping of The Usher of the Black Rod). Traditional and symbolic rituals involving the mace and the black rod are also described. If the Usher of the Black Rod approaches the House of Commons to summon the Speaker, for example, the door is ceremoniously closed on him and he is required to knock three times and beg admittance. Similarly, the serjeant-at-arms is not permitted to enter the House of Lords without first surrendering the mace to the doorkeeper. </text>
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                <text>12 January 1932, p. 29.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Famous Cathedral </text>
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                <text>anniversary, Apostolic Administrator, Apostolic Vicar, Apostolic vicariate of Kimberley in Western Australia, bishop, Bishop of Cologne, Bishop Ernesto Coppo, Bishop John Jobst, Bishop Otto Raible (1887-1966), cardinal, Cardinal Frings, Cardinal Griffin, cathedral, Catholic jurisdiction, Catholicism, celebration, ceremony, Cologne, Cologne Cathedral, Diocese of Broome, Kimberley region, Lord Pakenham, â€œmedieval splendourâ€, north-west Australia, priest, Roman Catholic Church, titular bishop, tradition, University Hall, vicariate</text>
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                <text>In this article from The West Australian, the attendance of the Apostolic Vicar of North-West Australia at celebrations in Cologne for the 700th anniversary of Cologne Cathedral is reported. The proceedings, the article suggests, were opened with a ceremony of â€œmedieval splendourâ€. The man in question is most likely the German-born Bishop Otto Raible, who succeeded Bishop Ernesto Coppo as the Apostolic Administrator of the Vicariate of Kimberley in Western Australia in 1928. He continued in this position until 1935, when he was consecrated as a bishop. Thereafter, he served as the Vicar Apostolic between 1935 and 1958. He was succeeded by Bishop John Jobst in 1959, when the jurisdiction was also renamed the vicariate of Kimberleys. In 1966, it was promoted as the Diocese of Broome. </text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;National Library of Australia,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46928923" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46928923&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>16 August 1948, p. 11.</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>Mothers Day, &lt;em&gt;The Register,&lt;/em&gt; 7 May 1915</text>
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                <text>Adelaide, celebration, Church services, custom, duty, gifts, gratitude, family, festival, homage, Lent, May, medieval custom, mother, mothering, motherâ€™s day, observance, tradition, SA, South Australia, Sunday, white flowers, Young Womenâ€™s Christian Association.</text>
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                <text>This article from &lt;em&gt;The Register&lt;/em&gt; in 1915 traces the origins of Mothers&amp;rsquo; Day celebrations to the medieval period, when adolescent children would be afforded a holiday from work on the fourth Sunday in Lent to &amp;lsquo;go a-mothering&amp;rsquo;. On such occasions, the article explains, family members would assemble and pay homage to mothers by presenting gifts, and a general air of festivity ensued with special Church services and prayers containing more than usual reference to family life. While some elements of the festivities were not adopted in Australia, the article continues, the observance of mothers day is regularly marked by the wearing of white flowers, and by annual festivals such as the one conducted at the Young Women&amp;rsquo;s Christian Association headquarters in Adelaide.</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59602764" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59602764&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Register&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>7 May 1915, p.6</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright Expired</text>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f8b7ae077071e642d895cd8a443bbc2b.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <name>Hyperlink</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Spirit of Festival: What Lies Behind the Carol, &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt;, 24 December 1937</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Apprentices, book, carol, celebration, Christian tradition, Christmas, Christmas Carols, dancing, drinking songs, festival, festivity, Greccio, medieval custom, melodies, merriment, Miracle plays, Mystery plays, popular tunes, puritan, religious lyrics, revival, singing, song, St Francis of Assisi, tradition, Wynken de Worde. </text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26401">
                <text>This article from &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt; traces the history of Christmas carols back to the medieval period. It dates their origin to the beginning of the thirteenth century, when Francis of Assisi taught children to dance around a model of the manger in the Italian village of Greccio. Subsequently, they were introduced into England through the Mystery and Miracle plays. Although religious in content, the article notes with amusement that the carols were often set to the tune of drinking songs, presumably because they were familiar. Carols and the dances that accompanied them remained popular, the article claims, until Puritan edicts forbade Christmas festivities and all manner of celebration in the seventeenth century. Their survival is credited here to two nineteenth-century English clergymen, who translated a Swedish book of medieval melodies in 1853 and succeeded in reviving interest in carols and old folk songs more generally.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Anon</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26403">
                <text>TROVE: The National Library, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>24 December 1937, p.15</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26406">
                <text>Copyright Expired</text>
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                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
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        <name>drinking songs</name>
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        <name>Greccio</name>
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        <name>Miracle plays</name>
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        <name>Mystery plays</name>
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