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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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                <text>Making Chain Mail at the Perth Medieval Fayre</text>
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                <text>Apparel, armament, armour, battle, body armour, byrnie, chain, chain mail, chain-mail, chainmail, chin-guard, coif, crossbow, defensive armament, garment, glove, handcrafted, handmade armour, hood, knight, longbow, mail, mail armour, mail shirt, metal rings, metalwork, medieval armour, medieval craft, mitons, Perth, Perth Medieval Fayre, plate armour, protective clothing, re-creation, recreation, riveting, soldier, WA, WAMA, warfare, weaponry, weapon, weapons, Western Australia, WA, Western Australian Medieval Alliance</text>
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                <text>A photograph depicting chain mail being hand-crafted according to the traditional medieval method at the Perth Medieval Fayre. Chain mail is made by interlocking a number of metal rings to form small sections. Each ring is linked through four others and then the end is riveted. Additional links are then inserted to join the sections together and create a meshed material. The mail can be shaped into patterns â€“ for example gloves, shirts, hoods and chin-guards â€“ by increasing or decreasing the number of metal rings in a row when the sections are created. Chain mail was used extensively in the middle ages to fashion protective garments that were worn as body armour by medieval knights and soldiers. It was gradually superseded by plate armour in the fourteenth century, possibly as a result of the increasing use of high-powered weapons such as crossbows and longbows (See Kelly DeVries, Medieval Military Technology, Peterborough, Broadview Press, 1992, p.75).&#13;
&#13;
The Perth Medieval Fayre is organised by the Western Australian Medieval Alliance (WAMA). In 2011 it was held at Supreme Court Gardens on 19 March. Enthusiasts and vendors showcased a range of medieval arts and crafts, from dancing, calligraphy and lace-making to demonstrations of the techniques, weaponry and apparel of medieval combat.</text>
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                <text>McEwan, Joanne</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.esford.com/armourytemplar.htm"&gt;http://www.esford.com/armourytemplar.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Esford Armoury â€˜Knights Templarâ€™ Range</text>
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                <text>arms, armoury, Brisbane, chain mail, chainmail, cloak, Crusades, dagger, Esford Armoury, Holy Land, hood, knights, Knights Templar, mail coat, medieval clothing, military order, Order of the Temple, Queensland, QLD, re-enactment society, red cross, shield, soldiers of Christ, surcoat, sword, war, warfare, weapons</text>
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                <text>This website advertises a range of Knights Templar garb and weaponry that has been designed with the guidance of â€˜The Knights Templarâ€™, a Brisbane-based re-enactment society. The Knights Templar formed what was arguably the most powerful and well-known of the Christian military orders in the medieval period. The order was endorsed by the Catholic Church in the early twelfth century and was particularly active during the Crusades. The clothing adopted by the Templar Knights was distinctive, consisting of a white surcoat with a red cross. Most of this â€˜war gearâ€™ is visually self-explanatory, thanks to films such as The Kingdom of Heaven (2003), which depicts crusading knights playing politics and fighting Saladin in the Holy Land. The Esford online catalogue promotes their version of the Templar sword, dagger, helmet, gambeson, surcoat, and hooded cloak. The purpose of the surcoat was initially to protect the wearer from the sun, although the practice was quickly adopted elsewhere, even in the northern lands where the climate did not warrant such precautions (See Mark Cruse, â€˜Material Cultureâ€™ in Albrecht Classen, ed. Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms, Methods, Trends, Vol. 1., Berlin, De Gruyter, 2010, p.841). Curiously, there are two essential items missing from the Templarâ€™s equipment: a mail coat and a red cross emblazoned triangular shield. </text>
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                <text>November, 2011</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.redbubble.com/people/wdonaldson/art/7206159-the-warrior?c=62571-medieval"&gt;http://www.redbubble.com/people/wdonaldson/art/7206159-the-warrior?c=62571-medieval&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>â€˜The Warriorâ€™</text>
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                <text>Adelaide Hills, Anglo-Saxons, arms, armor, armour, axe, Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry, chain mail, chainmail, francisca, Franks, gloves, Gumeracha Medieval Fair, knife, long knife, medieval fair, mitons, Normans, re-enactment, reenactment, SA, seax, South Australia, throwing axe, Wendi Donaldson</text>
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                <text>This photo, taken by photographer Wendi Donaldson at the Gumeracha Medieval Fair in South Australia in May 2011, provides a unique glimpse of a â€˜livingâ€™ early medieval warrior (who could be from almost anywhere in Europe). It depicts a participant at the Fair wearing chain-mail gloves, known as mitons, and a â€˜Normanâ€™ style helmet complete with the distinctive nasal bar which was designed to protect the face from injury. He carries a francisca throwing axe, which is a weapon that was developed by the Franks but also used by early Anglo-Saxons, in one hand and a second weapon that is not clear but that is probably a long knife known as a seax (given the sheath tied to his belt) in the other. Great care is taken by festival organisers and participants alike to ensure that costumes and weapons are within the recognised parameters of the era; however, this warrior does mix early medieval chronologies. For example, both Anglo-Saxons and Normans are depicted wearing this style of helmet in the Bayeaux Tapestry at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, but no-one in the Tapestry has chain-mail gloves. &#13;
The Gumeracha Medieval Fair is an annual event sponsored by the Adelaide Hills Council. The Fair features a host of re-enactment groups from around the world, including handcraft stallholders, wandering musicians and entertainers. This is just one of several interesting medieval events held throughout the country at different times of the year. &#13;
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                <text>Donaldson, Wendi</text>
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                <text>This is one of a series of pre-action photographs taken by photographer Richard Taylor at Nurragingy Reserve in 2011. It shows an â€˜old warriorâ€™ displaying steely determination to survive a potentially dangerous encounter. The subject of the photograph is a participant at the Blacktown Medieval Fayre. He wears a chainmail hood (a coif) and shirt (hauberk or haubergeon), and a Norman style helmet. Chain mail was used extensively in the middle ages to fashion protective garments by interlocking thousands of metal rings to form a meshed material. Chainmail garments were worn by medieval knights and soldiers as body armour until chainmail was gradually superseded by plate armour in the fourteenth century.   &#13;
The Blacktown Medieval Fayre is billed as â€œa world of medieval magic,â€ and is part of the annual Blacktown Fiesta, an eight day extravaganza hosted by Blacktown City Council. It is just one of several interesting medieval events held throughout the country at different times of the year.</text>
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                <text>Â© Richard Taylor. Some rights reserved dicktay2000</text>
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                <text>This is a â€˜frozenâ€™ combat image taken at the Blacktown Medieval Fayre by photographer Richard Taylor in 2011. It depicts a participant dressed in a Norman style helmet complete with a chainmail collar known as an avential or camal, and engaged in combat. The participants and combatants in medieval re-enactment groups generally pay considerable attention to detail. Their clothing and war gear is researched and often handcrafted, and when it comes to re-enacting â€˜combatâ€™ all bouts are marshalled. However, the combat is also based on an honour system, in which â€œevery fighter must decide which blows hit hard enough for him to yield or fall deadâ€  (For more on this, see Patrick Oâ€™Donnell, The Knights Next Door: Everyday People Living Middle Ages Dreams, Lincoln, iUniverse Inc., 2004). Re-enacted combat combines medieval fighting techniques and entertainment. In Medieval Fantasy as Performance: The Society for Creative Anachronism and the Current Middle Ages (Lanham, The Scarecrow Press, 2010), Michael Cramer observes that participation in creative anachronistic events is largely performance-driven (p.xii). That is to say, historical re-enactment is essentially theatre, and this is a significant part of the appeal.&#13;
&#13;
The Blacktown Medieval Fayre is billed as â€œa world of medieval magic,â€ and is part of the annual Blacktown Fiesta, an eight day extravaganza hosted by Blacktown City Council. It is just one of several interesting medieval events held throughout the country at different times of the year.</text>
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                <text>Â© Richard Taylor. Some rights reserved dicktay2000</text>
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                <text>Armidale, armor, armour, battle, beading, blacksmithing, blacksmith, brewing, chain mail, chainmail, combat, helmet, kettle hats, medieval crafts, medieval fair, NEMAS, New England Medieval Arts Society, New South Wales, Norman style helmet, NSW, pottery, re-enactment, reenactment, shield, spinning, sword, tanning, war, warfare, weaving, woodworking</text>
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                <text>This is one of several â€˜battleâ€™ images from the NEMAS Easter Gathering in Armidale, NSW, in 2008. A number of medieval re-creation enthusiasts are engaged in close combat. They are armed with swords and what look to be mostly kite shields, and wear an assortment of different early medieval helmet styles. These include Norman style helmets with nasal bars and kettle hats. &#13;
The Gathering is a biannual assembly of re-enactment societies from Australasia traditionally hosted by the New England Medieval Arts Society Inc (or NEMAS). At these gatherings, members aim to recreate medieval arts and craft such as woodworking, blacksmithing, tanning, spinning and weaving, as well as arms and armour construction. The photo gallery depicts scenes of daily life: market stalls, people sitting around campfires, even a King and his attendants, as well as recreated battles. &#13;
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                <text>Â© NEMAS 2011</text>
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                <text>A photograph of a stall at Kryal Castle in Ballarat, which sells chain mail that has been hand-crafted according to the traditional medieval method. Some of the objects that can be bought are chainmail keyrings and chainmail jewellery.&#13;
&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
Kryal Castle is a tourist attraction located 8km from Ballarat in Victoria. Described as â€˜Australiaâ€™s unique medieval castleâ€™, Kryal Castle can also be hired for weddings, conferences, functions, and special events. It was built in 1972 and opened in 1974 by Keith Ryall. Its medieval architectural features include crenellation, a moat, and a defended gate with flanking towers, drawbridge and a porticullis.  </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Korffs Haven Medieval Guild are a re-enactment group based in Coffs Harbour, or Korffs Haven, in New South Wales. The group concentrate on the period 1066-1166 and such peoples as Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Normans, Crusaders, Highlanders (of Scotland), and Vikings. Combat and weapon training with swords, spears, staves, shields, slingshots, archery, chain mail, and helmets is carried out. Other medieval activities are also re-created, including cooking, clothes-making, feasting, games, and craft (woodwork, leatherwork, felting, embroidery, dyeing, sewing etc.). The group&amp;rsquo;s website features a useful section on making medieval clothes, including patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For their website see &lt;a href="http://www.freewebs.com/coffsmedguild/"&gt;http://www.freewebs.com/coffsmedguild/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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