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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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                <text>Win or Kill</text>
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                <text>armour, assault, baseball, â€˜blue-nosesâ€™, chivalry, cricket, chain mail, chainmail, crowd, football, games, helmet, knights, lacrosse, mail, medieval attire, padding, pavilion, protective clothing, sport, sportsman, sportsmen, tournament, uniform, visor, war-cry</text>
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                <text>This article from the Sunday Times in 1907 comments on what the author views as the un-gentlemanly state of sporting ethic in the early twentieth century. It likens the use of padding and helmets in sports such as cricket, baseball and football to medieval suits of armour, and suggests that the increased need for these protective garments is indicative of a return to old medieval methods, whereby â€˜the harder you hurt your opponent the louder the plaudits from the pavilionâ€™. â€˜Win or killâ€™, suggests the author, encapsulates the modern attitude to sporting rivalry.&#13;
&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
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                <text>11 August 1907, p.3</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Newspaper Article</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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        <name>lacrosse</name>
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        <name>medieval attire</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34455">
                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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      <name>Website</name>
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              <text>&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blackwolfcaravan.blogspot.com.au/"&gt;http://blackwolfcaravan.blogspot.com.au/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Black Wolf re-enactment group</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Allora, armour, Black Wolf, blog, caravan, chain mail, costume, Crusader, Crusades, Duke Robert, helmet, Holy Land, Ibn Battuta, knight, living history, Marco Polo, merchant, Middle East, multicultural, outremer, Qld, Queensland, re-enactment, shield, Silk Road, sword, trade, website.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Black Wolf is a living history/re-enactment group based in the Queensland town of Allora. They are focus on the Crusades and Crusader experiences in the Middle East during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Their leader is &amp;lsquo;Duke Robert IV&amp;rsquo;. The text on the Black Wolf website emphasises the multicultural nature of the Holy Land (referred to as Outremer: Fr. outre mer, over-seas) and the merchant caravans travelling the Silk Road from China. Two famous medieval explorers, Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta, are also mentioned. The multicultural interest of the group can be seen in their members, whose characters are French, Turkish, Irish, Danish, and English. The gallery on the website highlights the martial aspects of the group, with members dressed as knights in chain mail and helmets fighting with swords and shields.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For their blog see http://blackwolfcaravan.blogspot.com.au/&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Black Wolf</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Blogger</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33045">
                <text>Black Wolf</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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        <name>Allora</name>
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        <name>blog</name>
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        <name>caravan</name>
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        <name>chain mail</name>
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        <name>Crusader</name>
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        <name>shield</name>
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        <name>sword</name>
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        <name>trade</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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          <name>URL</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/811/" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/811/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>"Requiescat" by Briton RiviÃ¨re</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32473">
                <text>Armor, armour, art, bed, bloodhound, breastplate, burial rites, byrnie, chain mail, chainmail, coif, couter, cuisses, death, dog, epitaph, greaves, hauberk, helmet, hood, knight, mail, maille, pauldron, plate armour, poleyn, rerebrace, rest, shynbald, sabaton, soul, vambrace, wreath.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This oil on canvas painting by English artist Briton Rivi&amp;egrave;re was purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales (from the artist) in 1897-1898. Completed in 1888, it depicts an armoured medieval knight lying supine on top of a wooden bed and blue floral-patterned bedspread while a dog (usually identified as a bloodhound) gazes up at him. A wreath on the knight&amp;rsquo;s chest suggests that he is dead, as does the title of the painting: &amp;ldquo;Requiescat&amp;rdquo;. Based on the role of the requiem mass in Catholic burial rites, the term &amp;ldquo;requiescat&amp;rdquo; (which literally means "rest") refers to a prayer for the repose of the dead, as expressed in the common epitaph &amp;ldquo;rest in peace&amp;rdquo;. The knight in this painting is wearing a chain mail byrnie (or hauberk) and various pieces of plate armour, including a breastplate, pauldrons to protect the shoulders, rerebraces and vambraces on his arms, cuisses, poleyns and greaves on his legs and metal shoes known as sabatons. Plate armour began to replace mail armour from the fourteenth century.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the artist, see Simon Reynolds, &amp;lsquo;Riviere, Briton (1840&amp;ndash;1920)&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;Oxford Dictionary of National Biography&lt;/em&gt;, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35766].&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32475">
                <text>Briton RiviÃ¨re (1840-1920)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32476">
                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32477">
                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1888</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32479">
                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="32480">
                <text>Oil on Canvas, 158.7cm x 225cm</text>
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        <name>Armor</name>
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        <name>Armour</name>
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        <name>art</name>
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        <name>bed</name>
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        <name>bloodhound</name>
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        <name>breastplate</name>
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        <name>burial rites</name>
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        <name>byrnie</name>
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        <name>chain mail</name>
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        <name>chainmail</name>
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        <name>coif</name>
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        <name>couter</name>
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        <name>cuisses</name>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.redbubble.com/people/wdonaldson/art/7206159-the-warrior?c=62571-medieval"&gt;http://www.redbubble.com/people/wdonaldson/art/7206159-the-warrior?c=62571-medieval&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>â€˜The Warriorâ€™</text>
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                <text>Adelaide Hills, Anglo-Saxons, arms, armor, armour, axe, Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry, chain mail, chainmail, francisca, Franks, gloves, Gumeracha Medieval Fair, knife, long knife, medieval fair, mitons, Normans, re-enactment, reenactment, SA, seax, South Australia, throwing axe, Wendi Donaldson</text>
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                <text>This photo, taken by photographer Wendi Donaldson at the Gumeracha Medieval Fair in South Australia in May 2011, provides a unique glimpse of a â€˜livingâ€™ early medieval warrior (who could be from almost anywhere in Europe). It depicts a participant at the Fair wearing chain-mail gloves, known as mitons, and a â€˜Normanâ€™ style helmet complete with the distinctive nasal bar which was designed to protect the face from injury. He carries a francisca throwing axe, which is a weapon that was developed by the Franks but also used by early Anglo-Saxons, in one hand and a second weapon that is not clear but that is probably a long knife known as a seax (given the sheath tied to his belt) in the other. Great care is taken by festival organisers and participants alike to ensure that costumes and weapons are within the recognised parameters of the era; however, this warrior does mix early medieval chronologies. For example, both Anglo-Saxons and Normans are depicted wearing this style of helmet in the Bayeaux Tapestry at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, but no-one in the Tapestry has chain-mail gloves. &#13;
The Gumeracha Medieval Fair is an annual event sponsored by the Adelaide Hills Council. The Fair features a host of re-enactment groups from around the world, including handcraft stallholders, wandering musicians and entertainers. This is just one of several interesting medieval events held throughout the country at different times of the year. &#13;
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                <text>Donaldson, Wendi</text>
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                <text>May 2011</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18173">
                <text>Â© All images copyright Wendi Donaldson 2011</text>
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        <name>Gumeracha Medieval Fair</name>
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        <name>mitons</name>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.esford.com/armourytemplar.htm"&gt;http://www.esford.com/armourytemplar.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Esford Armoury â€˜Knights Templarâ€™ Range</text>
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                <text>arms, armoury, Brisbane, chain mail, chainmail, cloak, Crusades, dagger, Esford Armoury, Holy Land, hood, knights, Knights Templar, mail coat, medieval clothing, military order, Order of the Temple, Queensland, QLD, re-enactment society, red cross, shield, soldiers of Christ, surcoat, sword, war, warfare, weapons</text>
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                <text>This website advertises a range of Knights Templar garb and weaponry that has been designed with the guidance of â€˜The Knights Templarâ€™, a Brisbane-based re-enactment society. The Knights Templar formed what was arguably the most powerful and well-known of the Christian military orders in the medieval period. The order was endorsed by the Catholic Church in the early twelfth century and was particularly active during the Crusades. The clothing adopted by the Templar Knights was distinctive, consisting of a white surcoat with a red cross. Most of this â€˜war gearâ€™ is visually self-explanatory, thanks to films such as The Kingdom of Heaven (2003), which depicts crusading knights playing politics and fighting Saladin in the Holy Land. The Esford online catalogue promotes their version of the Templar sword, dagger, helmet, gambeson, surcoat, and hooded cloak. The purpose of the surcoat was initially to protect the wearer from the sun, although the practice was quickly adopted elsewhere, even in the northern lands where the climate did not warrant such precautions (See Mark Cruse, â€˜Material Cultureâ€™ in Albrecht Classen, ed. Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms, Methods, Trends, Vol. 1., Berlin, De Gruyter, 2010, p.841). Curiously, there are two essential items missing from the Templarâ€™s equipment: a mail coat and a red cross emblazoned triangular shield. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Esford Swords and Armoury, Brisbane</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18097">
                <text>November, 2011</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18098">
                <text>Esford Swords and Armoury, 2011</text>
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        <name>cloak</name>
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        <name>knights</name>
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      <tag tagId="2208">
        <name>surcoat</name>
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      <tag tagId="363">
        <name>sword</name>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://eskfestival.com.au/Home.php"&gt;http://eskfestival.com.au/Home.php&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Armour, Black Wolf, Brisbane Valley, Brisbane Valley Multicultural Festival, Celts, chain mail, costume, Crusader, Damascus, Esk, Esk Festival, helmet, Holy Roman Empire, honour, knight, The Knights of Germanica, Knights Hospitalier, living history, migration age, multicultural, Ormsgard Dark Age Village, performance, Qld, Queensland, Rafnheim, re-enactment, Saga Vikings, Saxons, Scions of Mars, shield, sword, trade, Vikings, website.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The Esk Festival, also known as the Brisbane Valley Festival, is an annual single-day event held in the Queensland town Esk. A major component of the festival are displays of &amp;lsquo;Living History &amp;amp; Medieval Re-enactments&amp;rsquo; which take place all day on the &amp;lsquo;Field of Honour&amp;rsquo;. The festival website promises Celts, Saxons, and Vikings, and medieval re-enactment groups who performed at the 2012 festival were The Knights of Germanica (Holy Roman Empire from 1360-1410), Scions of Mars (15th century knights), Ormsgard Dark Age Village (hunters and traders of 400-1000), Damascus (Crusader Knights Hospitalier), Saga Vikings, Rafnheim (late migration age Northern Europe), and Black Wolf (Crusades). The groups dress in period costume, perform with weapons, and re-enact other aspects of medieval culture such as trade, village life, and pre-Christian religion.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For their website see http://eskfestival.com.au/Home.php&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="33051">
                <text>Esk Festival</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33052">
                <text>2012</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33053">
                <text>Esk Festival</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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