<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/browse?tags=Pope+Innocent+III&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator&amp;sort_dir=a&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-03-05T21:02:38+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>8</perPage>
      <totalResults>2</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="1152" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34458">
                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34459">
                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="11">
      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="29422">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.michaelgalovic.com/Pop/StFrancis.html" target="_self"&gt;http://www.michaelgalovic.com/Pop/StFrancis.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29414">
                <text>â€˜St Francis and the Birdsâ€™, by Michael Galovic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29415">
                <text>Animals, art, Assisi, Bevagna, birds, Cardinal Ugolini, Catholicism, Christianity, Francis of Assisi, Franciscan, Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone, icon, iconography, modern art, Pope Gregory IX, Pope Innocent III, Portiuncula, poverty, preacher, preaching, religious art, religious order, saint, Saint Francis of Assisi, St Francis of Assisi, The Little Flowers of St Francis, The Poor Clares, work, â€˜new iconsâ€™.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29416">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;This artwork by Yugoslavian-Australian artist Michael Galovic depicts St Francis of Assisi, the thirteenth-century religious reformer, preaching to birds in his characteristic brown habit. It is an example of the artist&amp;rsquo;s modern religious artwork in which he seeks to create new versions of traditional icons, often featuring medieval figures such as St Francis or Hildegard of Bingen (see &lt;a href="http://www.michaelgalovic.com/galleryintro.html" target="_self"&gt;http://www.michaelgalovic.com/galleryintro.html&lt;/a&gt;). St Francis (Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone) was born in Assisi around 1181 to a wealthy cloth merchant. Following a dispute with his father in his twenties, he returned every stitch of clothing his father had ever given him and turned to a life of poverty and religious work, particularly by helping to rebuild churches. He founded the Franciscan Order, a religious order devoted to poverty, work and preaching, which was authorised by Pope Innocent III in 1210 and quickly grew in popularity from a few followers to a large network of Franciscan preachers and missionaries (administered by Cardinal Ugolini, later Pope Gregory IX) and an enclosed order for women, The Poor Clares. In 1224 St Francis received the stigmata. He died in 1226 and only two years later he was pronounced a saint by Pope Gregory IX. Among many well-known stories about St Francis and animals is the scene depicted in this painting, which is described in &lt;em&gt;The Little Flowers of St Francis&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;So solace-filled he left them, and full well,&lt;br /&gt;To penitence disposed, and, parting thence,&lt;br /&gt;Betwixt Carmano and Bevagna came. &lt;br /&gt;And, ardently as ever journeying on, &lt;br /&gt;He raised his eyes and certain trees beheld &lt;br /&gt;Fast by the way-side, on whose boughs were perched &lt;br /&gt;A multitude of birds innumerable, &lt;br /&gt;So that Saint Francis was amazed thereat, &lt;br /&gt;And said to his companions: &amp;ldquo;In the road &lt;br /&gt;Ye shall await me here, whole I go preach &lt;br /&gt;Unto the birds my sisters&amp;rdquo;: and he went &lt;br /&gt;Within the field, and to the birds &amp;lsquo;gan preach &lt;br /&gt;That on the ground were sitting; and at once &lt;br /&gt;Those that were on the trees did come to him,&lt;br /&gt;And, one and all, stayed motionless until &lt;br /&gt;Saint Francis had done preaching, and e&amp;rsquo;en then&lt;br /&gt;Departed not till he had given them &lt;br /&gt;His Benediction.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(James Rhoades, &lt;em&gt;The Little Flowers of St Francis: Rendered into English Verse&lt;/em&gt;, London, 1904, pp.88-89).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29417">
                <text>Michael Galovic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29418">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.michaelgalovic.com" target="_self"&gt;http://www.michaelgalovic.com&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29419">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29420">
                <text>Michael Galovic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29421">
                <text>Gessoed board, with egg tempera and gold leaf, mixed technique assemblage, 100cm x 70cm</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="5753">
        <name>â€˜new iconsâ€™</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="734">
        <name>Animals</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="575">
        <name>art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="952">
        <name>Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5745">
        <name>Bevagna</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4297">
        <name>birds</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5754">
        <name>Cardinal Ugolini</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="67">
        <name>Catholicism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="227">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5746">
        <name>Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5757">
        <name>Francsciscan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5756">
        <name>Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4098">
        <name>icon</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3231">
        <name>iconography</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5747">
        <name>modern art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5755">
        <name>Pope Gregory IX</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3402">
        <name>Pope Innocent III</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5748">
        <name>Portiuncula</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5749">
        <name>poverty</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5759">
        <name>preacher</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5750">
        <name>preaching</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4100">
        <name>religious art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1462">
        <name>religious order</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1767">
        <name>saint</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5751">
        <name>Saint Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5471">
        <name>St Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5752">
        <name>The Little Flowers of St Francis</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5758">
        <name>The Poor Clares</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>work</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="38" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="715">
        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ab45977e2117b8f5435d54b63064432d.pdf</src>
        <authentication>4ba8560491d7522f7a42bb6258365879</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34458">
                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34459">
                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17221">
                <text>"Yellow Benches for Jews: Berlin's Latest Act," in &lt;em&gt;The Argus&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17222">
                <text>Nazis, Nazi, Nazism, World War II, WWII, World War Two, war, warfare, medieval yellow, Anti-Semitism, The Argus, Berlin, Canon law, discrimination, Pope Innocent III, Fourth Lateran Council, Germany, Jew, Melbourne, Muslim, VIC, Victoria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17223">
                <text>&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: tahoma; font-size: x-small;"&gt;An article on page 11 of the Melbourne newspaper The Argus in September 1937. The article reports on two benches in Berlin in Nazi Germany being painted yellow for use by Jews. The article says that the decision recalled an edict in the medieval period that forced&amp;nbsp;Jews to wear 'a distinguishing yellow garb'. The edict mentioned probably refers to Canon 68 issued at the&amp;nbsp;Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 called by Pope Innocent III. The Canon stated that Jews and Muslims of both sexes living in Christian lands had to be distinguished from Christians by wearing different dress, and that they should not appear in public in the last three days of Holy Week and Passion Sunday. The aim was to stop&amp;nbsp;members of the different religions having sexual relations without&amp;nbsp;realising the gravity of the situation. Implementation and policing of the Canon varied throughout Europe, but in some countries the wearing&amp;nbsp;of a yellow star was introduced. A yellow star was not introduced in Nazi Europe until the Second World War.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: tahoma; font-size: x-small;"&gt;For the text of the Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council see &lt;a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/lateran4.asp" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/lateran4.asp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17224">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17225">
                <text>The Argus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17226">
                <text>17 September 1937</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17227">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17228">
                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3399">
        <name>Anti-Semitism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3400">
        <name>Berlin</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1879">
        <name>Canon law</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3401">
        <name>discrimination</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3403">
        <name>Fourth Lateran Council</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="290">
        <name>Germany</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="288">
        <name>Jew</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>Melbourne</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3404">
        <name>Muslim</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="304">
        <name>Nazis</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3402">
        <name>Pope Innocent III</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="124">
        <name>The Argus</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
