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â€œAfter the Mass on Corpus Christi, all kneel and sing O Salutaris Hostia. The Host is incensed, and carried under an ombrellino (an umbrella-like canopy) to the baldacchino, a rectangular tent-like canopy...&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Image of the Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc bronze statue at the State Library of  Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of French sculptor  Emmanuel Fr&amp;eacute;miet, and is a cast of the 1899 version of his Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc  which stands in the Place des Pyramides in Paris. Purchased in 1906 by  Bernard Hall, the Director of the National Gallery of Victoria, with  funds from the Felton Bequest, it was installed at the entrance to the  State Library of Victoria on 4 February 1907. The sculpture depicts the  young Joan of Arc astride a war-horse, dressed in her body-armour and  raising an oriflamme banner.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About Joan of Arc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the French village of Domr&amp;eacute;my. From the  age of about 12, Joan had visions of saints and heard heavenly voices  that increasingly urged her to fight for France during the Hundred  Years&amp;rsquo; War. She travelled to the court of Charles De Ponthieu, the  Orl&amp;eacute;anist claimant to the throne, where she was provided with a suit of  armour and her distinctive banner depicting a golden fleur-de-lys. She  secured a decisive military victory to rescue the city of Orl&amp;eacute;ans from  the Earl of Salisbury&amp;rsquo;s English army in 1429, and was present at the  coronation of Charles VII. However, in May the following year Joan was  captured by Burgundian forces at Compi&amp;egrave;gne, and was handed over to the  English. She was tried at Rouen on charges of witchcraft and heresy, and  was condemned to death. On 30 May 1431, she was executed. Two and a  half decades later, the case was appealed and her conviction was  overturned. She was beatified in 1909 and canonised as a saint in 1920.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For more information about this statue and its background, see Ted Gott,  &amp;lsquo;An Iron Maiden for Melbourne &amp;ndash; The History and Context of Emmanuel  Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s 1906 Cast of Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc&amp;rsquo;, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81,  Autumn 2008, pp.53-68: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>McEwan, Joanne</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>27 April 2011</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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        <name>DomrÃ©my</name>
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        <name>Emmanuel FrÃ©miet (1824-1910)</name>
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        <name>equestrian</name>
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        <name>execution</name>
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        <name>Felton Bequest</name>
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        <name>Jeanne dâ€™Arc</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Saltbush Bill, Knight of the Stockwhip gives performance to Royal Family at Buckingham Palace.</text>
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                <text>Popular culture, Saltbush Bill, Knight of the Stockwhip, Buckingham Palace Performance, Buckingham Palace, Royal family, boomerang, stockwhip, William Mills, stockwhip king, knight, knighthood, bush, Australian bush</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Born in Victoria, Saltbush Bill was dubbed â€˜Knight of the Stockwhipâ€™ and travelled throughout Australia performing feats with the stockwhip. The royal family invited him to perform for them in London at Buckingham Palace, which he did. He was presented with a jewelled tie pin for his efforts. As Knight of bush skills, Bill displayed talents with the indigenous hunting tool, the boomerang as well.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>27 March 1912</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7987">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7988">
                <text>Newspaper article; PDF</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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        <name>Buckingham Palace</name>
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        <name>Buckingham Palace Performance</name>
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        <name>bush</name>
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        <name>knight</name>
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        <name>Knight of the Stockwhip</name>
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        <name>knighthood</name>
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        <name>popular culture</name>
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        <name>Royal family</name>
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        <name>Saltbush Bill</name>
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        <name>stockwhip</name>
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        <name>stockwhip king</name>
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        <name>William Mills</name>
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  <item itemId="373" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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                <text>Eight-Hours Day, Sydney, Labour Movement, Trade Unions, carnival, Trade Union, trade unionism, procession, parade, processions, parades, â€˜Merrie Englandâ€™, craft guild, guild, guilds, craft, medieval origins of eight-hours day, carnival, Professor J.E. Thorold Rogers, Agincourt, Poitiers, Golden age of labour, labour, labourer, work, worker, workers, labourers, Charles Jardyne Don, stonemasons; King Alfred as originator of eight hours rest, sleep and recreation, Toothâ€™s brewery, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW</text>
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                <text>The writer credits the craft guilds of medieval England for the eight-hour system, including the Saturday half-holiday. The latter was supposed to be devoted to archery practice, which eventually ensured English mastery of the bow and arrow and their successes at Agincourt and Poitiers. Later in the article, King Alfred is cited as the originator of the divided day: sleep, work and recreation.&#13;
&#13;
Although the eight-hour movement was won in Melbourne in 1856 after the stonemasons working on the construction of the University of Melbourne marched to the Government House, the writer asserts that it was won in Sydney in 1855 for the Toothâ€™s brewery workers.</text>
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                <text>O'Sullivan, R.W.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>7 May 1901</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7976">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Newspaper Article; PDF</text>
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        <name>â€˜Merrie Englandâ€™</name>
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        <name>Eight-Hours Day</name>
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        <name>labour</name>
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        <name>labourers</name>
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        <name>medieval origins of eight-hours day</name>
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        <name>stonemasons; King Alfred as originator of eight hours rest</name>
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&lt;p&gt;Image of the Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc bronze statue at  the State Library of  Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of  French sculptor  Emmanuel Fr&amp;eacute;miet, and is a cast of the 1899 version of  his Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc  which stands in the Place des Pyramides in Paris.  Purchased in 1906 by  Bernard Hall, the Director of the National Gallery  of Victoria, with  funds from the Felton Bequest, it was installed at  the entrance to the  State Library of Victoria on 4 February 1907. The  sculpture depicts the  young Joan of Arc astride a war-horse, dressed in  her body-armour and  raising an oriflamme banner.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About Joan of Arc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the French village of Domr&amp;eacute;my. From the   age of about 12, Joan had visions of saints and heard heavenly voices   that increasingly urged her to fight for France during the Hundred   Years&amp;rsquo; War. She travelled to the court of Charles De Ponthieu, the   Orl&amp;eacute;anist claimant to the throne, where she was provided with a suit of   armour and her distinctive banner depicting a golden fleur-de-lys. She   secured a decisive military victory to rescue the city of Orl&amp;eacute;ans from   the Earl of Salisbury&amp;rsquo;s English army in 1429, and was present at the   coronation of Charles VII. However, in May the following year Joan was   captured by Burgundian forces at Compi&amp;egrave;gne, and was handed over to the   English. She was tried at Rouen on charges of witchcraft and heresy, and   was condemned to death. On 30 May 1431, she was executed. Two and a   half decades later, the case was appealed and her conviction was   overturned. She was beatified in 1909 and canonised as a saint in 1920.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For more information about this statue and its background, see Ted  Gott,  &amp;lsquo;An Iron Maiden for Melbourne &amp;ndash; The History and Context of  Emmanuel  Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s 1906 Cast of Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc&amp;rsquo;, The La Trobe Journal,  vol.81,  Autumn 2008, pp.53-68: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>architecture, architect, college, colleges, technical college, castellation, crenellation, Federation Free Gothic style, Federation Free Medieval style, Gothic, gothic revival, Hillson Beasley, Perth, Perth Technical College, tower, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>Image of the tower of the former Perth Technical College. This brick building was designed by the government architect Hillson Beasley and completed in 1910. The only medieval feature of the Federation-era building is its side tower with castellated parapets.</text>
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                <text>6 June 2011</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Newspaper Article&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Untitled article: â€œthe medieval barbarities of our state criminal factoriesâ€</text>
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                <text>criminal justice, justice, crime, criminal, just, Fremantle, Fremantle prison, gaol, Geraldton Express, incarceration, imprisonment, innocence, medieval barbarity, parliamentary enquiry, penal system, prison, prison reform, prison sentence, punishment, reform, Royal Commission, violence, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>In the second half of this article, an excerpt from the Geraldton Express discussing the Royal Commission into the penal system in Western Australia is reprinted. The Commission, it asserts, had already succeeded in awaking public opinion to the need for reform and had led to the release of a number of innocent men from prison. In an attempt to emphasise the obsolete practices and inhumane punishments of the penal administration, the author associates them with the pre-modern past. The role of the Commission is described as being â€œto inquire into the Chamber of National Horrors at Fremantle and the medieval barbarities of our state criminal factoriesâ€.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8061">
                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8062">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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        <name>gaol</name>
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        <name>Geraldton Express</name>
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        <name>imprisonment</name>
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        <name>incarceration</name>
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        <name>innocence</name>
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      <tag tagId="2508">
        <name>just</name>
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      <tag tagId="1159">
        <name>justice</name>
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      <tag tagId="491">
        <name>medieval barbarity</name>
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      <tag tagId="2513">
        <name>parliamentary enquiry</name>
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      <tag tagId="2514">
        <name>penal system</name>
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      <tag tagId="1072">
        <name>prison</name>
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      <tag tagId="2515">
        <name>prison reform</name>
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      <tag tagId="2516">
        <name>prison sentence</name>
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      <tag tagId="112">
        <name>punishment</name>
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      <tag tagId="2517">
        <name>reform</name>
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      <tag tagId="2518">
        <name>Royal Commission</name>
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      <tag tagId="2519">
        <name>violence</name>
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      <tag tagId="838">
        <name>WA</name>
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      <tag tagId="73">
        <name>Western Australia</name>
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