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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Famous Cathedral </text>
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                <text>anniversary, Apostolic Administrator, Apostolic Vicar, Apostolic vicariate of Kimberley in Western Australia, bishop, Bishop of Cologne, Bishop Ernesto Coppo, Bishop John Jobst, Bishop Otto Raible (1887-1966), cardinal, Cardinal Frings, Cardinal Griffin, cathedral, Catholic jurisdiction, Catholicism, celebration, ceremony, Cologne, Cologne Cathedral, Diocese of Broome, Kimberley region, Lord Pakenham, â€œmedieval splendourâ€, north-west Australia, priest, Roman Catholic Church, titular bishop, tradition, University Hall, vicariate</text>
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                <text>In this article from The West Australian, the attendance of the Apostolic Vicar of North-West Australia at celebrations in Cologne for the 700th anniversary of Cologne Cathedral is reported. The proceedings, the article suggests, were opened with a ceremony of â€œmedieval splendourâ€. The man in question is most likely the German-born Bishop Otto Raible, who succeeded Bishop Ernesto Coppo as the Apostolic Administrator of the Vicariate of Kimberley in Western Australia in 1928. He continued in this position until 1935, when he was consecrated as a bishop. Thereafter, he served as the Vicar Apostolic between 1935 and 1958. He was succeeded by Bishop John Jobst in 1959, when the jurisdiction was also renamed the vicariate of Kimberleys. In 1966, it was promoted as the Diocese of Broome. </text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;National Library of Australia,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46928923" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46928923&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>16 August 1948, p. 11.</text>
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                <text>The West Australian</text>
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        <name>Apostolic Administrator</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>Newspaper Article &lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49053308" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49053308&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This is What Women Wore in Bygone Times</text>
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                <text>Antigonus, Apolloâ€™s Temple, Bohemia, Camillo, costume, drama, Elsie Dayne, Emilia, Florizel, head dress, head-dress, headdress, Hermione, Iris Hart (1910-1983), jealousy, John Alden (1908-1962), John Alden Shakespearean Company, Leontes, Lucille Robinson, Mamillius, Mavis Turner, medieval costume, medieval dress, oracle, Pauline, Perdita, performance, Perth, Polixenes, Shakespeare, shepherd, shepherdess, Sicilia, stage, theatre, The Winterâ€™s Tale, WA, Western Australia, William Shakespeare (1564-1616)</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This  article features a photograph of costume head-dresses from the stage  production of Shakespeare&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;The Winter&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rdquo;  performed in Perth in 1952 as part of a national tour by the John Alden  Shakespearean Company. The four actresses in the photograph are Lucille  Robinson and Elsie Dayne (ladies of the court), Mavis Turner (Perdita)  and Iris Hart (Emilia). The head-dresses  are described by the author as &amp;ldquo;millinery of medieval times&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;About The Winter&amp;rsquo;s Tale:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In &amp;ldquo;The Winter&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rdquo;, Leontes, the King  of Sicilia, becomes consumed with jealousy that  Hermione, his wife, is having an affair with the King of Bohemia  (Polixenes). He instructs his councillor Camillo to poison Polixenes,  but instead Camillo reveals Leontes&amp;rsquo; plans and both he and Polixenes  secretly leave for Bohemia. The pregnant Hermione is  banished to prison, where she gives birth to a daughter. Refusing to  believe the legitimacy of the child, Leontes demands that the child be  burned alive and then, upon the protestations of his chief adviser  Antigonus, abandoned off the coast of Bohemia. In  the events that unfold over the following Act, Leontes refuses to  believe an oracle from Apollo&amp;rsquo;s Temple exonerating Hermione&amp;rsquo;s and orders  her trial to proceed, his son Mamillius dies, Hermione dies, Leontes  realises his mistake and repents, Antigonus is killed  by a bear and a shepherd finds the abandoned baby and takes her home.  Sixteen years later, in Bohemia, the story recommences with Polixenes  expressing concern that his son Florizel has fallen in love with a  shepherdess. He attends a sheep-shearing festival  in disguise, revealing himself at the last moment to prevent the  betrothal of the couple, after which Florizel and the shepherdess are  advised by Camillo (now Polixenes&amp;rsquo; chief adviser) to flee to Sicilia.  When Polixenes also arrives in Sicilia with the shepherd  and his son, the shepherdess&amp;rsquo; identity as Leontes&amp;rsquo; lost child is  discovered and her marriage to Florizel condoned, Leontes and Polixenes  are friends once more, and a statue of Hermione comes to life, revealing  that she is alive and has been waiting to be reunited  with her daughter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;For a copy of the text, see: &lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2248" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2248&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;National Library of Australia,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49053308" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49053308&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The West Australia</text>
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                <text>18 September 1952, p. 7.</text>
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                <text>The West Australian</text>
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&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;ldquo;&amp;rsquo;The Winter&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo; for Perth Stage&amp;rdquo; &lt;em&gt;The West Australian, &lt;/em&gt;13 September 1952, p.5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="../../../items/show/403"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/403&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <name>Emilia</name>
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        <name>Florizel</name>
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        <name>Iris Hart (1910-1983)</name>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In this article from The West Australian in  1952, notice of the upcoming stage production  of Shakespeare&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;The Winter&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rdquo; by the John Alden Shakespearean  Company is given. The medieval costumes - including elaborate  head-dresses, pointed shoes and draped sleeves - would be particularly  appealing to Perth audiences, the article suggests, because  they were such a marked change from the plays usually performed on the  Perth stage. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;About The Winter&amp;rsquo;s Tale:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&amp;ldquo;This is What Women Wore in Bygone Times&amp;rdquo;, The West Australian, 18 September 1952, p. 7, &lt;a href="../../items/show/402"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/402&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Digitised Newspaper Article, National Library of Australia - &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58414412" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58414412&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Wedding Fashions</text>
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                <text>bouquet, brides, bride, bridesmaids, brocade, chiffon, clothing, coronet, dress, gown, fashion, headdress, jackets, lace, lilies, medieval lines, medieval style, roses, satin, tulle, veil, velvet, wedding, wedding dress, womenâ€™s fashion</text>
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                <text>In this column on wedding fashions in 1929, readers are advised that the favoured style for wedding dresses has changed from the short straight frocks of the previous year to long medieval style dresses. A long frock, the author suggests, is more dignified than a short or flimsy one, and is therefore â€œmuch more in keeping with the church serviceâ€. Materials such as velvet and satin are recommended, and a new tendency to eliminate the train and replace it with a flowing tulle veil is noted. Veils of tulle or chiffon are advised to create a â€œcloudy effectâ€ that contrasts the heavier material of the dress. The bridesmaidâ€™s dresses, the article concludes, should be in the same style as the bride. If the bride wears a velvet dress of medieval design, it instructs, the bridesmaids should also wear velvet in a different colour, and definitely not tulle frocks of the early Victorian style. </text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>National Library of Australian</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>12 May 1929, p. 5s.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9160">
                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9161">
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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        <name>brides</name>
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        <name>bridesmaids</name>
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        <name>chiffon</name>
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        <name>lace</name>
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        <name>lilies</name>
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        <name>medieval lines</name>
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        <name>medieval style</name>
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        <name>roses</name>
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        <name>satin</name>
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        <name>tulle</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Digitised Newspaper Article, National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49067504" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49067504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9208">
                <text>Wool Types in Australia Total 1,500</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9209">
                <text>competition, marketing, medieval methods, sales, Sydney University, synthetic fibres, T. G. Hunter, wool, wool market, wool trade, sheep</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9210">
                <text>In this article about wool sales in 1952, Australiaâ€™s marketing methods are described as medieval. T. G. Hunter, a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Sydney University, is quoted advising that wool should be marketed in a few uniform grades (rather than by 1,500 different classification types) so as to counter the threat posed by uniform quality synthetic fibres. This change, although costly, is necessary, suggests the author, if the Australian wool trade is to maintain its sales volume. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9211">
                <text>Anon.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9212">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9213">
                <text>The West Australian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9214">
                <text>6 December 1952, p. 10.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9215">
                <text>The West Australian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9216">
                <text>Digitised Newspaper Article</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9217">
                <text>English</text>
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        <name>competition</name>
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        <name>marketing</name>
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      <tag tagId="2850">
        <name>medieval methods</name>
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        <name>sales</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="634">
        <name>sheep</name>
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      <tag tagId="2217">
        <name>Sydney University</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2852">
        <name>synthetic fibres</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2853">
        <name>T. G. Hunter</name>
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      <tag tagId="2854">
        <name>wool</name>
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      <tag tagId="2855">
        <name>wool market</name>
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      <tag tagId="2856">
        <name>wool trade</name>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5126fbc9b9e09c973fd89c7a034b7fe6.pdf</src>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="34460">
                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="34461">
                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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      <elementContainer>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Digitised Newspaper Article; PDF&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31897631" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31897631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9275">
                <text>Grand Theatre: â€™Under the Red Robeâ€</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Alma Rubens (1897-1931), Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), Day of the Dupes (1630), drama, duel,  fiction, film, Gil de Berault, Grand Theatre, Henri de Cocheforet, historical fiction, honour, Huguenot, John Charles Thomas (1889-1960), literature, Louis XIII, Mademoiselle de Cocheforet, â€œMedieval romanceâ€, movie, novel, Robert B. Mantell, screen Stanley J. Weyman (1855-1928), â€œUnder the Red Robeâ€, WA, Western Australia</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9277">
                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In this notice about  the upcoming programme for the Grand Theatre, a screening of the 1923  silent film &amp;ldquo;Under the Red Robe&amp;rdquo; is announced. The film is based on  Stanley J. Weyman&amp;rsquo;s historical novel of the same name. The novel is  described in the article as a medieval romance, although it is set in  seventeenth-century France. The story opens in 1630, when Gil de Berault  sets out on a search for fugitive Huguenot Henri de Cocheforet, on the  orders of Cardinal Richelieu. He has offered his martial skills to  Richelieu in exchange for his life after being arrested for duelling in  Paris. Although he does indeed find and arrest M. de Cocheforet, he  realises that he has fallen in love with his sister and lets him go free  to restore his honour. The story ends on the Day of the Dupes with the  marriage of de Berault and de Cocheforet.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;For a copy of &amp;ldquo;Under the Red Robe&amp;rdquo; by Stanley J. Weyman, see &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1896" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1896&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9280">
                <text>The West Australian</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9281">
                <text>16 December 1925, p. 12.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9282">
                <text>The West Australian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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        <name>â€œMedieval romanceâ€</name>
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        <name>Alma Rubens (1897-1931)</name>
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        <name>Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)</name>
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        <name>drama</name>
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        <name>film</name>
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        <name>historical fiction</name>
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        <name>honour</name>
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        <name>Huguenot</name>
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        <name>John Charles Thomas (1889-1960)</name>
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        <name>Mademoiselle de Cocheforet</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
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        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="9415">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;Newspaper Article in The Western Argus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;National Library of Australia - &lt;font color="#000000" face="Tahoma" size="2"&gt;&lt;font face="Calibri" size="3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34593995" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-&lt;wbr&gt;article34593995&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9405">
                <text>The Mace of Parliament</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9406">
                <text>authority, black rod, British Empire, ceremony, cross, crown, custom, decoration, emblem, harp, House of Commons, House of Lords, John Beckett (1984-1964), King, Legislative Assembly, Long Parliament (1653), mace, medieval customs, medieval tradition, Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), orb, ornamentation, Parliament, parliamentary officials, parliamentary personnel, politician, ritual, rose, royal bodyguard, sergeant, serjeant-at-arms, Speaker, symbol, symbol of office, thistle, tradition, Usher of the Black Rod, Victoria, Victorian House of Parliament, waratah, warfare, weapon, weaponry, weapons</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In this article from the Western Argus, the significance and history of the mace in parliamentary proceedings is explained. The author describes the mace used in the Victorian Legislative Assembly as a sceptre surmounted by a cross, an orb and the crown of England. It is also decorated with the waratah flower of Australia, the rose of England, the thistle of Scotland and the harp of Ireland. The symbolic and ceremonial function of the mace in the opening and closing of parliamentary proceedings is explained, and the history of the mace as a weapon of medieval warfare is noted. The article suggests that the association of the mace with parliament is likely to originate from the medieval period: â€œIn medieval England the king appointed a Royal bodyguard of stalwart men, gaudily uniformed, and each bearing a mace. They came to be known as serjeants-at-arms. When Parliament was divided into two Houses â€“ the Commons and the Lords â€“ two serjeants-at-arms were provided from the Kingâ€™s bodyguard. The institution has survived. With the serjeant-at-arms has remained the mace, not as a weapon but as a symbol of office; and gradually the mace came to be associated with all the ceremonies and customs of the Commonsâ€. The article goes on to explain the traditional rivalry between the House of Commons and the House of Lords concerning the superior authority of the mace or its equivalent in the House of lords, the black rod (in the keeping of The Usher of the Black Rod). Traditional and symbolic rituals involving the mace and the black rod are also described. If the Usher of the Black Rod approaches the House of Commons to summon the Speaker, for example, the door is ceremoniously closed on him and he is required to knock three times and beg admittance. Similarly, the serjeant-at-arms is not permitted to enter the House of Lords without first surrendering the mace to the doorkeeper. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9409">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9410">
                <text>The Western Argus</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9411">
                <text>12 January 1932, p. 29.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9412">
                <text>The Western Argus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9413">
                <text>Digitised Newspaper Article</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9414">
                <text>English</text>
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        <name>authority</name>
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        <name>black rod</name>
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        <name>British Empire</name>
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        <name>ceremony</name>
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        <name>cross</name>
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        <name>crown</name>
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        <name>custom</name>
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        <name>decoration</name>
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        <name>emblem</name>
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        <name>harp</name>
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        <name>House of Commons</name>
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        <name>House of Lords</name>
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        <name>John Beckett (1984-1964)</name>
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        <name>king</name>
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        <name>Legislative Assembly</name>
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        <name>Long Parliament (1653)</name>
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        <name>mace</name>
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        <name>medieval customs</name>
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        <name>medieval tradition</name>
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      <tag tagId="2886">
        <name>Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)</name>
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        <name>orb</name>
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        <name>ornamentation</name>
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        <name>parliament</name>
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        <name>parliamentary officials</name>
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        <name>parliamentary personnel</name>
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      <tag tagId="1370">
        <name>politician</name>
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      <tag tagId="1419">
        <name>ritual</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1117">
        <name>rose</name>
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      <tag tagId="2891">
        <name>royal bodyguard</name>
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        <name>sergeant</name>
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        <name>serjeant-at-arms</name>
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        <name>Speaker</name>
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        <name>symbol</name>
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        <name>symbol of office</name>
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        <name>thistle</name>
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        <name>tradition</name>
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        <name>Usher of the Black Rod</name>
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        <name>Victoria</name>
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        <name>waratah</name>
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        <name>warfare</name>
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        <name>weapon</name>
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        <name>weaponry</name>
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        <name>weapons</name>
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