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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>An image of the stained glass window located above the entrance to St. Patrick's Catholic Church in the town of York, Western Australia. &#13;
&#13;
About St. Patrick's Catholic Church:&#13;
&#13;
The foundation stone of St. Patrick's Catholic Church was laid on St. Patrick's Day in 1875, with the building being completed in 1886. It was designed and built under the supervision of ex-convict Joseph Nunan, who was commissioned by the resident priest of the time, Father Patrick Gibney, to build a larger church to accommodate an increasing congregation.&#13;
&#13;
The design of the church is typical of the Gothic revival style with its spire, tall arches, vaulted ceiling, rose windows and lancet windows. This style of architecture was particularly popular in England, Australia, and other British colonies throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. </text>
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                <text>St Francis Xavier Church in Geraldton, Western Australia, designed by Monsignor John Cyril Hawes, has a mixture of Romanesque and Spanish mission style architecture. The first stone was laid in 1916, but following the death of Bishop Kelly the cathedral was not completed until 1938 due to a lack of funds and lack of enthusiasm from Kellyâ€™s replacement, Bishop Ryan.&#13;
&#13;
The cathedral is an interesting mix of styles. The twin towers at the front are similar to the Spanish mission style architecture (eg. The Mission Church of Santa Barbara in California), the central doorway is French Romanesque, the dome has echoes of Brunelleschiâ€™s cupola in Florence, and the cone-roofed tower at the rear is similar to those found on French Renaissance chÃ¢teaux. The interior features Romanesque columns, timbered ceiling, and zebra striping on the walls and arches.&#13;
&#13;
For more information on Monsignor John Cyril Hawes, see A. G. Evans, 'Hawes, John Cyril (1876-1956)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, Melbourne University Press, 1983, pp.229-230; John J. Taylor, Between Devotion and Design: The Architecture of John Cyril Hawes 1876-1956, (University of Western Australia Press, Perth, 2001).</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;These interior photographs of Wesley Church show some of the stained glass windows. The window featuring a warrior in full armour and wearing a crown is particularly inspired by the medieval era. The warrior, St George, carries a sword and shield with a cross motif, and the head of a dead dragon lies at his feet. Below them is a castle featuring crenellation. The&amp;nbsp;window is a memorial for someone killed in action in France during World War I, which makes the depiction of a warrior saint an appropriate image.&amp;nbsp;Wesley Church in the central Perth CBD was designed in the Gothic style by Richard Roach Jewell for the local Methodist congregation and it opened in 1870.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For Wesley Church see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/916"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/916&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/245425/window-stained-glass-ferguson-urie-circa-1872" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/245425/window-stained-glass-ferguson-urie-circa-1872&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This commanding stairwell window by Ferguson &amp; Urie (1872) is calculated to reflect the prosperity and good fortune of the original owner, James Fergusson. Fergusson was a Melbourne manufacturing stationer, and was at times a member of the Legislative assembly and Shire President. The window was probably installed shortly after he moved into â€˜Glenferrieâ€™ in 1872 and remained there, long after Fergusson died in 1888, until the house was demolished in 1954. The window comprises three large central lights, the innermost of which contains the Fergusson Coat-of-Arms, and three smaller top lights, each containing specifically Australian motifs (Kangaroo, Colonial Coat-of Arms, and an Emu). The â€˜diaperedâ€™ octagonal background quarries feature a rose, shamrock, and thistle pattern that is stylistically â€˜medieval,â€™ signifying a link to the British Isles. Hand painted scenes in the (lower) main tier of panels depict relevant features of the burgeoning economy, which are related to trade, productivity, and the exploitation of natural resources.</text>
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                <text>armour, banner, banners, battles, battle, Bernard Hall, bronze, Charles VII (r., Charles de Ponthieu (1403-1461), DomrÃ©my, Emmanuel FrÃ©miet (1824-1910), equestrian, execution, Felton Bequest, fleur-de-lys, Jeanne dâ€™Arc, Joan of Arc (1412-1431), La Pucelle, legend, maid of OrlÃ©ans, Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria, oriflamme, OrlÃ©ans, Paris, pennant, Place des Pyramides, sculpture, State Library of Victoria, statue, Victoria, war, war-banner, war-horse, war horse, war banner</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Image of the Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc bronze statue at  the State Library of  Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of  French sculptor  Emmanuel Fr&amp;eacute;miet, and is a cast of the 1899 version of  his Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc  which stands in the Place des Pyramides in Paris.  Purchased in 1906 by  Bernard Hall, the Director of the National Gallery  of Victoria, with  funds from the Felton Bequest, it was installed at  the entrance to the  State Library of Victoria on 4 February 1907. The  sculpture depicts the  young Joan of Arc astride a war-horse, dressed in  her body-armour and  raising an oriflamme banner.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About Joan of Arc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the French village of Domr&amp;eacute;my. From the   age of about 12, Joan had visions of saints and heard heavenly voices   that increasingly urged her to fight for France during the Hundred   Years&amp;rsquo; War. She travelled to the court of Charles De Ponthieu, the   Orl&amp;eacute;anist claimant to the throne, where she was provided with a suit of   armour and her distinctive banner depicting a golden fleur-de-lys. She   secured a decisive military victory to rescue the city of Orl&amp;eacute;ans from   the Earl of Salisbury&amp;rsquo;s English army in 1429, and was present at the   coronation of Charles VII. However, in May the following year Joan was   captured by Burgundian forces at Compi&amp;egrave;gne, and was handed over to the   English. She was tried at Rouen on charges of witchcraft and heresy, and   was condemned to death. On 30 May 1431, she was executed. Two and a   half decades later, the case was appealed and her conviction was   overturned. She was beatified in 1909 and canonised as a saint in 1920.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For more information about this statue and its background, see Ted  Gott,  &amp;lsquo;An Iron Maiden for Melbourne &amp;ndash; The History and Context of  Emmanuel  Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s 1906 Cast of Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc&amp;rsquo;, The La Trobe Journal,  vol.81,  Autumn 2008, pp.53-68: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Images of the St George woodcarved statue in St George&amp;rsquo;s Cathedral,  Western Australia. The statue was purchased from Oberammergau in 1970.  Oberammergau is a town in Bavaria known for its woodcarvers and, perhaps  more famously, it&amp;rsquo;s production of a passion play. The legend of St  George slaying the dragon is Eastern in origin. It is thought to have  been brought back to England by crusaders, where it was incorporated  into the chivalric tradition. For more on the St George legend in  Australia, see Andrew Lynch, &amp;ldquo;&amp;lsquo;Thingless names&amp;rsquo;? The St George Legend in  Australia&amp;rdquo;, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81, Autumn 2008, pp.40-52: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html&lt;/a&gt;).</text>
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        <name>St Georgeâ€™s Cathedral</name>
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        <name>St. George</name>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Statue of St. George and the Dragon, State Library of Victoria</text>
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                <text>bronze, Centennial International Exhibition, chivalric tradition, crusades, dragon, exhibition, Golden Legend, hagiography, international exhibition, Jacobus de Voragine, knight, legend, Melbourne, mythology, sculpture, Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890), spear, Speculum Historiale, St George, Saint George, St George and the Dragon sculpture, State Library of Victoria, statue, sword, Victoria, Vincent of Beauvais (c.1190-1264)</text>
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                <text>Image of the St George and the Dragon bronze statue at the entrance to the State Library of Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of Viennese-born sculptor Joseph Edgar Boehm. It was purchased by the State Library of Victoria for the sum of Â£1000 following the Centennial International Exhibition in 1888, and was installed at the entrance to the library in 1889. With the exception of some repositioning to accommodate FrÃ©mietâ€™s Jeanne dâ€™Arc statue in 1907, this is where it still stands. The Boehm statue depicts St George, sitting astride his horse wearing a cape and a helmet bearing the distinctive St George cross, in the action of inflicting the dragonâ€™s deathblow by means of a large spear. The legend of St George slaying the dragon is Eastern in origin. It is thought to have been brought back to England by crusaders and was popularised and incorporated into hagiographies of St George in the medieval period in works such as Vincent of Beauvaisâ€™ Speculum Historiale and Jacobus de Voragineâ€™s Golden Legend (c.1260). As with most early Australian images of St George and the Dragon, the statue features the knight and dragon fused in combat, and there is no sign of the maiden who was being saved in the original tale. &#13;
&#13;
For more on the St George legend in Australia, see Andrew Lynch, â€œâ€˜Thingless namesâ€™? The St George Legend in Australiaâ€, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81, Autumn 2008, pp.40-52: http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html.</text>
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