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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>An image of the 'Kryal Castle Dwarf' behind glass at Kryal Castle in Ballarat, Victoria. According to the description alongside the figure, the Kryal Castle Dwarf was inspired by the medieval period, when "little people...traveled from Court to Court, Castle to Castle" as entertainers for the Royal Court.&#13;
&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
Kryal Castle is a tourist attraction located 8km from Ballarat in Victoria. Described as â€˜Australiaâ€™s unique medieval castleâ€™, Kryal Castle can also be hired for weddings, conferences, functions, and special events. It was built in 1972 and opened in 1974 by Keith Ryall. Its medieval architectural features include crenellation, a moat, and a defended gate with flanking towers, drawbridge and a porticullis. </text>
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                <text>Image used with the permission of N. Jeffrey</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;To view this image,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;1. Go to: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;2. Search by artist or title.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>This work by Arthur Boyd was acquired by the Art Gallery of South Australia in 1969 with funds from the Morgan Thomas Bequest. It depicts St Francis of Assisi being beaten by his father, who is known to have objected to Francisâ€™ religious inclinations and specifically to have reprimanded him for selling cloth from his shop to fund church repairs. St Francis (Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone) was born in Assisi around 1181. After an adolescence spent learning his fatherâ€™s cloth business and aspiring to be a noble knight, he received his religious calling in his twenties when he was praying at San Damiano and heard Christ telling him to repair the church. Following a dispute with his father after selling cloth to raise money for the task, Francis returned every stitch of clothing his father had ever given him and renounced his patrimony. He turned to a life of poverty and religious work. He founded the Franciscan Order, a religious order devoted to poverty, work and preaching, which was authorised by Pope Innocent III in 1210 and quickly grew in popularity from a few followers to a large network of Franciscan preachers and missionaries (administered by Cardinal Ugolini, later Pope Gregory IX) and an enclosed order for women, The Poor Clares. In 1224 St Francis received the stigmata. He died in 1226, and was pronounced a saint only two years later by Pope Gregory IX. </text>
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                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia, with permission of the Bundanon Trust</text>
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                <text>Administration Building, architecture, arch, archway, Crawley, â€œGreat Gateâ€, Italian influence, limestone, Mervyn Napier Waller, mosaic, Rodney Alsop, Senate Chamber, Sir John Winthrop Hackett, stone, The University of Western Australia, virtues, Western Australia, Winthrop Hall, Oxford University, Cambridge University, gateway, Tudor, Tudor architecture, university building, university buildings, university college, university colleges, college</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt; An image of the window and mosaic featured on the northern side of the Great Gate at the University of Western Australia, Crawley. The University commissioned artist Mervyn Napier Waller to design and produce the mosaic positioned above the window to the Senate chamber in 1931. The mosaic, known as the &amp;lsquo;Five Lamps of Learning&amp;rsquo;, features five figures who each represent one of the virtues of wisdom, understanding, counsel, courage and knowledge (For more information on the &amp;lsquo;Five Lamps of Learning&amp;rsquo; mosaic, see the UWA Archives website: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://archives.uwa.edu.au/page/84543" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;http://archives.uwa.edu.au/page/84543&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"&gt;, accessed 1/2/2011). &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>gouache with charcoal on cardboard.</text>
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              <text>overall: 54.6 x 39.8 cm.</text>
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                <text>"1189. The Crusaders 1915."</text>
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                <text>St George, St. George, Saint George, Cross, St. George's Cross, crusader, crusades, Third Crusade, 1189-1192, chivalry, knight, knights, knighthood, chainmail</text>
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                <text>A drawing by Fred Leist depicting an Australian soldier of 1915 shaking hands with a Crusader of 1189, with the cross of St George as the backdrop. Whilst the Australian soldier is shirtless and wearing shorts, the Crusader knight wears chain-mail, including on his head, and a white over-garment with a cross of St George, suggesting that he is a member of the Knights Templar. The image seems to suggest that Australian soldiers were returning to the Holy Land to renew a struggle began by Europeans during the medieval period.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17323">
                <text>Australian War Memorial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART02930" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART02930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17324">
                <text>Australian War Memorial</text>
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                <text>c 1915</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17326">
                <text>Copyright Expired - Public Domain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Australian War Memorial:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART02930" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART02930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17327">
                <text>Hyperlink</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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        <name>1189-1192</name>
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        <name>Crusader</name>
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        <name>St. George</name>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9572d81659214852f2250cc1df6c8dbb.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <name>Document</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>"Australian War Memorial: Largest Stone Building in the Southern Hemisphere."</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>ACT, architecture, Australian Capital Territory, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, cloisters, Court of Honour, gargoyles,  Hall of Memory, loggia, medieval architecture, memorial, monument, sandstone, stone building, Tower, war, war memorial.</text>
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                <text>This article from The Canberra Times in 1941 provides an update on the building of the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Construction had begun in 1937, and the Memorial was set to be the largest stone building in the southern hemisphere. A description of the memorial is provided, from which it is apparent that some of its features are based on medieval architecture. This includes a row of decorative gargoyles lining the Court of Honour, and the inclusion of loggia and cloisters in the overall design.  Cloisters were a common feature of medieval monasteries, while gargoyles were used in gothic architecture to direct water away from buildings. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17266">
                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17267">
                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2561830" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2561830&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17268">
                <text>The Canberra Times</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17269">
                <text>15 July 1941</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17270">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
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              <elementText elementTextId="17271">
                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
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        <name>ACT</name>
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        <name>Hall of Memory</name>
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        <name>loggia</name>
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        <name>medieval architecture</name>
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        <name>sandstone</name>
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        <name>stone building</name>
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        <name>tower</name>
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        <name>war</name>
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        <name>war memorial</name>
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  <item itemId="35" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/dbde125989edcef635b2833e4818a5f4.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <name>Document</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14688">
                <text>"Gargoyles of Melbourne: Quaint and Curious Carvings by John Russell Parry," in The Argus</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14689">
                <text>carving, gargoyle, gargoyles, Gothic, Gothic architecture, John Russell Parry, Latin, Melbourne, Old French, sculpture, The Argus,  VIC, Victoria</text>
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                <text>A lengthy illustrated article by John Russell Parry about gargoyles in Melbourne that appeared in the Melbourne newspaper The Argus on August 10, 1929. The article provides the etymology of 'gargoyle', derived from Latin via Old French, and explains that a gargoyle must have a water spout, and that many of the carvings that the public thought were gargoyles were merely decorative. True gargoyles in Melbourne are said to exist at St Paul's Cathedral, St Patrick's Cathedral, Tower House, the E.S. and A. Bank Building, and the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Hawthorn. The article also has information on carvings in Melbourne which are not true gargoyles, and some interesting information on medieval gargoyles in France, including at Notre Dame in Paris. Gargoyles are a common feature of Gothic architecture.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14691">
                <text>Parry, John Russell</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>This article from the Canberra Times discusses changing methods of sculpting designs into stone. It distinguishes between recent methods (in 1930) in which designs were modelled onto clay and then copied onto stone or marble by masons, and older medieval methods by which designs were carved directly into the stone. This method, the author claims, was making a comeback, as evidenced by the heads on the Daily Telegraph building in Fleet Street, London.</text>
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                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2354231" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2354231&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>24 December 1930, p.5</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab38025"&gt;http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab38025&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This print of a wood engraving of Ned Kelly in his final battle is based on a sketch 'drawn on the spot' by T. Carrington. The picture shows a Ned Kelly in his helmet firing his pistol. His plate body armour is hidden by an overcoat. The armour and helmet draw obvious parallels to suits of armour worn by medieval knights. The picture is held at the State Library of Victoria.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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