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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"New Bishop Consecrated at Brilliant Ceremony," in The Argus.</text>
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                <text>Anglican, Anglicanism, Ballarat, Ballarat diocese, Bishop of Ballarat, Bishop William Herbert Johnson, cassocks, cathedral, ceremony, choir, Christ Church Cathedral, Church of England, clergy, consecration, cross, crozier, Litany, medieval scenes, oath, procession, St Paulâ€™s Cathedral, surplices, Vestments, Victoria, VIC.</text>
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                <text>This illustrated article from The Argus provides an account of a ceremony in St Paulâ€™s Cathedral (Melbourne) to mark the consecration of William Herbert Johnson as the Bishop of Ballarat in 1936. It describes the procession - consisting of the cross-bearer, the cathedral choir, priests from the Diocese of Ballarat, 100 clergy from the Diocese of Melbourne and a number of other Bishops and their attendants - from the Chapter House into the Cathedral, followed by details of the sermon, preached by Bishop Stephen, the oath, the Litany, the donning of Episcopal vestments and the consecration. The â€˜stained glass, light gleaming on cross and crozier, the scarlet, black and white of episcopal vestments, and the sombre purples, whites and blacks of cassocks and surplicesâ€™, the author claims, â€˜gave a richly medieval air to St Paulâ€™s Cathedralâ€™. </text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11930833" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11930833&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Argus</text>
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                <text>29 October 1936</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>"Gargoyles of Melbourne: Quaint and Curious Carvings by John Russell Parry," in The Argus</text>
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                <text>A lengthy illustrated article by John Russell Parry about gargoyles in Melbourne that appeared in the Melbourne newspaper The Argus on August 10, 1929. The article provides the etymology of 'gargoyle', derived from Latin via Old French, and explains that a gargoyle must have a water spout, and that many of the carvings that the public thought were gargoyles were merely decorative. True gargoyles in Melbourne are said to exist at St Paul's Cathedral, St Patrick's Cathedral, Tower House, the E.S. and A. Bank Building, and the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Hawthorn. The article also has information on carvings in Melbourne which are not true gargoyles, and some interesting information on medieval gargoyles in France, including at Notre Dame in Paris. Gargoyles are a common feature of Gothic architecture.</text>
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                <text>Parry, John Russell</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="National%20Library%20of%20Australia:%20http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4028660" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4028660&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Argus</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>plaster cast reinforced with fibre, watercolour wash and pencil grid marks</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART90767?image=2"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART90767?image=2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Koala Gargoyle</text>
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                <text>This plaster model for a gargoyle depicts the head of a koala. The plaster model was created in the studio of William Leslie Bowles in Melbourne with the assistance of sculptor, Ray Ewers. In 1940 and 1941 the plaster cast was used as the template for a stonemason to carve an in-situ sandstone gargoyle in the cloisters of the Commemorative Courtyard of the Australian War Memorial. Gargoyles were a common feature in medieval architecture. They were used to divert running water away from buildings before drainpipes became commonplace.&#13;
&#13;
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Ewers, Raymond Boultwood (Cast by)</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>plaster cast reinforced with fibre, watercolour wash and pencil grid marks</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART93418?image=2"&gt;http://cas.awm.gov.au/item/ART93418?image=2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Opossum Gargoyle</text>
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                <text>This plaster model for a gargoyle depicts the face of an opossum. The plaster model was created in the studio of William Leslie Bowles in Melbourne with the assistance of sculptor, Ray Ewers. In 1940 and 1941 the plaster cast was used as the template for a stonemason to carve an in-situ sandstone gargoyle in the cloisters of the Commemorative Courtyard of the Australian War Memorial. This plaster cast has a hole in the mouth of the opossum for a spout. Gargoyles were a common feature in medieval architecture. They were used to divert running water away from buildings before drainpipes became commonplace. &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>1939</text>
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                <text>Australian War Memorial</text>
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                <text>Photograph</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>This black and white photograph held by the State Library of New South Wales dates from c.1859. Taken by John Smith during the construction of The University of Sydney, it depicts stone masons at work carving the gargoyles. This is  taking place against the backdrop of one of The University of Sydneyâ€™s neo-gothic buildings. Gargoyles were a popular feature of gothic architecture. They were functional as well as decorative, and were used to divert water away from the walls of buildings before drainpipes became commonplace.&#13;
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                <text>ca 1859</text>
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                <text>Library of New South Wales</text>
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                <text>Hyperlink to photograph : Wet collodion plate, varnished. Stereoscopic negatives 7.5 x 16.5 cm., each image 7.1 x 7.8 cm. with no separation. Some lifting of emulsion at edges.</text>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eef885787cc7bd6fb9f731e02e77eb3c.pdf</src>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Medieval "Justice" Had Strange Ways</text>
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                <text>This article from the Junior Argus section of Melbourne newspaper The Argus describes what the author regards as 'strange' methods for ascertaining guilt or innocence in the medieval past. Short of finding reputable people to swear to a personâ€™s innocence upon oath, the article outlines the three different methods used in trials by ordeal. In the Ordeal of Fire, it explains, an accused person was forced to hold a red hot brazier and guilt was determined by whether the hands healed or blistered within a matter of days. Sometimes boiling water was used instead of fire. Alternatively the accused was restrained and thrown into a pool of water, and guilt was determined by whether they sank or swam. The premise of these ordeals was that God would intervene to protect the innocent. The author of the article concludes by drawing modern parallels between these â€˜terribleâ€™ and â€˜unjustâ€™ medieval practices and the â€˜barbaricâ€™ methods of punishment that were still being used in some countries.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14404">
                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14405">
                <text>The Argus</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3983">
              <text>http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an10571345-27&#13;
&#13;
1 of 66 photographs: gelatin silver.</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3984">
              <text>15.6 x 20.8 cm.</text>
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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an10571345-27"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an10571345-27&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>St. Andrew's Cathedral, Town Hall and Markets, George Street, Sydney, New South Wales</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14085">
                <text>Anglican, Anglicanism, architect, architecture, cathedral, church, ecclesiastical building, Edmund T. Blacket, Frederick Barker, gothic, gothic architecture, Gothic Perpendicular style, gothic revival, James Hume, neo-gothic, New South Wales, NSW, pinnacle, Saint Andrew, St. Andrew,  Sydney, tower, tracery, window, York Minster Cathedral</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A photograph of St Andrewâ€™s Cathedral in Sydney that most likely dates from between 1920 and 1925. St Andrewâ€™s Cathedral is located on George Street in Sydney and is part of the Town Hall group of buildings. It is the oldest cathedral in Australia. Construction of the cathedral was completed in 1868, and it was consecrated by the second Bishop of Sydney, Frederick Barker, on St Andrewâ€™s day (30 November) that year. St Andrewâ€™s Cathedral is built in a Gothic Perpendicular style according to the design of well-known gothic revival architect Edmund T. Blacket. Blacket replaced James Hume as the architect of the cathedral, and had to adapt his plans to conform to the shape and size of foundations that were already in place. The photograph exhibits some of the cathedralâ€™s many decorative pinnacles and traceried gothic windows. One of its two distinctive towers, believed to have been modelled on the fifteenth-century towers of York Minster Cathedral, is also visible in the background. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14087">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14088">
                <text>National Library of Australia </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14089">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14090">
                <text>1920-1925</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14091">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14092">
                <text>Hyperlink. 1 of 66 photographs: gelatin silver ; 15.6 x 20.8 cm. or less.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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        <name>Anglican</name>
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      <tag tagId="81">
        <name>Anglicanism</name>
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      <tag tagId="811">
        <name>architect</name>
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        <name>architecture</name>
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        <name>building</name>
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      <tag tagId="1006">
        <name>buildings</name>
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        <name>Cathedral</name>
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      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Christian</name>
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      <tag tagId="227">
        <name>Christianity</name>
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        <name>Church</name>
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        <name>ecclesiastical building</name>
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        <name>Edmund T. Blacket</name>
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      <tag tagId="70">
        <name>Gothic</name>
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      <tag tagId="905">
        <name>gothic architecture</name>
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        <name>Gothic Perpendicular style</name>
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        <name>Gothic Revival</name>
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      <tag tagId="3624">
        <name>James Hume</name>
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      <tag tagId="71">
        <name>neo-Gothic</name>
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      <tag tagId="106">
        <name>New South Wales</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="338">
        <name>NSW</name>
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        <name>pinnacle</name>
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      <tag tagId="113">
        <name>religion</name>
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        <name>Sydney</name>
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        <name>tower</name>
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        <name>tracery</name>
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        <name>window</name>
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      <tag tagId="3626">
        <name>York Minster Cathedral</name>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="34458">
                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34459">
                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3972">
              <text>Photograph</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3973">
              <text>15.4 x 20.4 cm.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14073">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4469751-s30"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4469751-s30&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14064">
                <text>St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney, ca. 1895</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14065">
                <text>Anglican, Anglicanism, architect, architecture, buttress, cathedral, church, ecclesiastical building, Edmund T. Blacket, Frederick Barker, gothic, gothic architecture, Gothic Perpendicular style, gothic revival, James Hume, neo-gothic, New South Wales, NSW, pinnacle, Saint Andrew, St. Andrew, Sydney, tower, tracery, window, York Minster Cathedral</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14066">
                <text>A photograph of St Andrewâ€™s Cathedral in Sydney dating from c.1895. St Andrewâ€™s functions as the seat of the Anglican Archbishop of Sydney and is the oldest cathedral in Australia. Construction of the cathedral was completed in 1868, and it was consecrated by the second Bishop of Sydney, Frederick Barker, on St Andrewâ€™s day (30 November) that year. St Andrewâ€™s Cathedral is built in a Gothic Perpendicular style according to the design of well-known gothic revival architect Edmund T. Blacket. Blacket replaced James Hume as the cathedral's architect, and had to adapt his plans to conform to the shape and size of foundations that were already in place. In this photograph the cathedralâ€™s traditional cruciform shape is evident, as are its two distinctive towers, its numerous decorated pinnacles and its ornate traceried gothic windows. The western facade of St Andrewâ€™s is believed to have been modelled on York Minster Cathedral, the towers of which date to the fifteenth century. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14067">
                <text>Kerry &amp; Co.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14068">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14069">
                <text>Kerry &amp; Co.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14070">
                <text>ca. 1895</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14071">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14072">
                <text>Hyperlink. 1 photograph : albumen ; 15.4 x 20.4 cm.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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        <name>Anglican</name>
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        <name>architect</name>
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      <tag tagId="74">
        <name>architecture</name>
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      <tag tagId="1075">
        <name>buttress</name>
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      <tag tagId="353">
        <name>Cathedral</name>
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      <tag tagId="227">
        <name>Christianity</name>
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      <tag tagId="68">
        <name>Church</name>
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      <tag tagId="1455">
        <name>ecclesiastical building</name>
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      <tag tagId="3623">
        <name>Edmund T. Blacket</name>
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      <tag tagId="3625">
        <name>Frederick Barker</name>
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      <tag tagId="905">
        <name>gothic architecture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3610">
        <name>Gothic Perpendicular style</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>Gothic Revival</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3624">
        <name>James Hume</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="71">
        <name>neo-Gothic</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="338">
        <name>NSW</name>
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      <tag tagId="3209">
        <name>pinnacle</name>
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      <tag tagId="113">
        <name>religion</name>
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        <name>St. Andrew</name>
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      <tag tagId="122">
        <name>Sydney</name>
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        <name>tower</name>
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      <tag tagId="1094">
        <name>tracery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3626">
        <name>York Minster Cathedral</name>
      </tag>
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