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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;St Gertrude&amp;rsquo;s College, New Norcia. St Gertrude&amp;rsquo;s  opened in 1908 and originally functioned as a convent boarding school  for girls. It was staffed by Josephite sisters, the first of whom were  sent to New Norcia by Mary Mackillop at the request of Bishop Fulgentius  Torres. The school closed in 1991 and is now used primarily as a venue  for school camps.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About New Norcia:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;New  Norcia is a monastic town located 132 km north of Perth in Western  Australia. The town is owned and run by a community of Benedictine monks  and houses one of only three Benedictine monasteries (for men) in  Australia. At its height the monastery housed approximately 80 monks,  but currently there are only seven in residence. The Benedictines are  part of a religious order within the Catholic Church known as the Order  of St Benedict (OSB). Benedictines live in small, largely autonomous  communities and base their way of life on the Rule of St Benedict, which  prioritises a balance of prayer and work and calls for promises of  stability, obedience and a conversion of life. The first Benedictine  community was established in the sixth-century in Italy by St Benedict  of Nursia (c.480-547).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Originally  intended as a mission to evangelise and educate the indigenous peoples  of the Victoria Plains, the site at New Norcia was founded in 1847 by  two Spanish Benedictine missionaries, Dom Jos&amp;eacute; Benito Serra and Dom  Rosendo Salvado. Serra&amp;rsquo;s involvement in the missionary activities at new  Norcia decreased following his appointment as Co-adjutor Bishop of  Perth in 1849, while Salvado (1814-1900) committed himself wholly to  developing the mission and leading the monastic community. He  subsequently became the key figure in the first 50 years of New Norcia&amp;rsquo;s  history. He made numerous fundraising trips to Europe, which provided  him with the means to purchase books, vestments, artwork and equipment  for the community and also to oversee the construction of new buildings.  He died in Rome in 1900 and his body was returned to New Norcia. Under  Salvado&amp;rsquo;s successor, Bishop Fulgentius Torres (1861-1914), New Norcia  became more like a traditional monastic settlement. An increased focus  on education and artistic pursuits led to the establishment of two  schools and improvements to many of the town&amp;rsquo;s buildings. For more  information on New Norcia, see the New Norcia Benedictine Community  website: &lt;a href="http://newnorcia.wa.edu.au/" target="_blank"&gt;http://newnorcia.wa.edu.au/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This small round window above the altar in the New  Chapel at New Norcia bears the Cross of St Benedict in stained glass. A  cross dominates almost the entire frame surrounded by the letters C. S.  P. and B.&amp;nbsp; These letters denote the Latin phrase &amp;ldquo;Crux Sancti Patris  Benedicti&amp;rdquo;, which translates into English as &amp;ldquo;The Cross of our Holy  Father Benedict&amp;rdquo;. This cross is often depicted on the reverse side of St  Benedict medals.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About New Norcia:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;New  Norcia is a monastic town located 132 km north of Perth in Western  Australia. The town is owned and run by a community of Benedictine monks  and houses one of only three Benedictine monasteries (for men) in  Australia. At its height the monastery housed approximately 80 monks,  but currently there are only seven in residence. The Benedictines are  part of a religious order within the Catholic Church known as the Order  of St Benedict (OSB). Benedictines live in small, largely autonomous  communities and base their way of life on the Rule of St Benedict, which  prioritises a balance of prayer and work and calls for promises of  stability, obedience and a conversion of life. The first Benedictine  community was established in the sixth-century in Italy by St Benedict  of Nursia (c.480-547).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>During her first royal visit in 1954, Queen Elizabeth II opened the sitting of Australiaâ€™s federal parliament at Parliament House on 15 February 1954. As this photograph from the Western Mail shows, she wore her coronation gown and the sash of the Order of the Garter.&#13;
â€˜The Most Noble Order of the Garterâ€™ is the highest order of chivalry in the British heraldic system. It was established by Edward III in 1348, and membership was limited to the sovereign, the Prince of Wales and twenty-four knights. Over time, the membership has been widened to make allowances for members of the British royal family and foreign monarchs. &#13;
&#13;
The star of the Order, containing the heraldic shield of the St George Cross encircled by the garter inside an eight-pointed star, is clearly visible on the Queenâ€™s sash in this image. &#13;
&#13;
For more on the history of the Order of the Garter, see Stephanie Trigg, â€˜The Vulgar History of the Order of the Garterâ€™ in Gordon McMullan &amp; David Matthews (eds), Reading the Medieval in Early Modern England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp.91-105.</text>
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                <text>Novel Industry. Australia â€“ Land of the Harp.</text>
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                <text>In this Western Mail article about Britainâ€™s export of five million yards of musical instrument strings each year, Australia is identified as the top destination for harp strings. In contrast, the article singles out South Africa as preferring fretted instruments and New Zealand the cello. The article goes on to explain that while modern strings could be made from gut, silk, steel or metal wire, the making of strings was a craftsmanâ€™s job dating from the gut strings of medieval instruments, weaponry and recreational equipment: â€˜As far as gut goes, the British tradition runs back to the medieval lute, the bows used at Crecy and Agincourt, and the racquet with which Henry VIII played â€œrealâ€ tennis at Hampton Courtâ€™. Following a definition of â€œgutâ€ as the strong membranes from the insides of sheep and a comment on the skill of British craftsmen in making strings for unusual as well as standard musical instruments, the focus returns to the harp at the end of the article. It suggests that making harp strings was a particularly difficult job because a harp has six octaves, and each string has to be chosen separately.</text>
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                <text>Explaining the establishment of "The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle&amp;rdquo; in 1687, this article from the Western Argus first discusses the medieval adoption of the thistle as Scotland&amp;rsquo;s national emblem. This it dates to the Battle of Largs fought between the Scottish army of Alexander III and the Norwegian army of King Haakon IV in 1263. In an ongoing battle over the territory of the Hebrides, King Haakon of Norway landed on Scottish shores and planned a night attack on the Scottish camp. However, one of his horsemen stepped on a thistle and cried out in pain, giving them away. The article suggests that the Scots adopted the thistle as their national emblem in remembrance of the Battle of Largs. It then links this to the thistle as the emblem of &amp;ldquo;The Order of the Thistle&amp;rdquo;, an order of knighthood founded by King James II of England (also King James VII of Scotland) in 1687.  The article incorrectly identifies the King of Scotland at the time of the Battle of Largs as Alexander II. King Alexander II had died and was succeeded by his young son, Alexander III, in 1249. Alexander III assumed full powers in 1259 and ruled until his own death in 1286. For more on Alexander III, see Norman H. Reid, &amp;lsquo;Alexander III (1241&amp;ndash;1286)&amp;rsquo;, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/323, accessed 18 Dec 2010]</text>
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                <text>This advertisement for a new building material, Celotex, highlights its dual properties of strength and insulation as a selling point. Drawing comparisons to past societies, the article suggests while the Aztecs and the Eskimos had built for insulation, medieval builders had turned their attention to strength. Unlike in these examples where building had focused on either insulation or strength, the advertisement promises that Celotex would enable modern builders to incorporate the benefits of both traditions, by offering the means to construct houses that would stay cool in summer, preserve warmth in winter and that were also notable for their structural strength and durability. </text>
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                <text>17 January 1935, p. 16.</text>
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              <text>1 negative : acetate, b&amp;amp;w.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23162725"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23162725&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an13997268"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>16.2 x 11.8 cm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23162725"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23162725&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Interior looking towards High Altar [St Mary's Cathedral, Perth, Western Australia]</text>
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&#13;
About St Maryâ€™s Roman Catholic Cathedral:&#13;
&#13;
St Maryâ€™s Roman Catholic Cathedral is a neo-gothic cathedral located in Perth, WA.  It was constructed in four stages between 1865 and 2009. Building of the original brick portion of the cathedral commenced in 1863 but stalled due to lack of funds. It was completed in 1865 when an evening procession of all the Catholic clergy in Perth was held, and the building was blessed and named the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. Additions and alterations between 1897 and 1905 emphasised the gothic character of the Cathedral. These included the addition of a steeple, pinnacles, gargoyles and crenellation to the bell tower, and the addition of a porch, an aedicule housing a statute of the Virgin Mary and extra lancet windows to the western end.  Following the elevation of Perth to an Archdiocese in 1913, Archbishop Clune began a series of appeals to replace the Cathedral with a grander structure. Well-known WA architect Michael Cavanagh was appointed and produced plans for a completely new limestone Cathedral of Academic Gothic design. Due to financial constraints, however, it was decided to utilise the existing building, which subsequently became the nave, and add only new transepts and a sanctuary. These were completed in 1930 and the Cathedral retained this structure until 2006, when Archbishop Hickey ordered renovations to complete Cavanaghâ€™s grand design. &#13;
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>This article from the Western Mail relates news from London regarding the end of the Spanish regency in 1902 when Alfonso XIII assumed his full powers as Spainâ€™s king at age 16. The article begins by informing readers that on 18 May 1902, the day before the regency ceased, the Duke of Connaught invested Alfonso XIII with the Order of the Garter on behalf of the British king, Edward VII. It then provides details about some of the traditional rituals and ceremonies that had followed in connection with the new kingâ€™s coronation, including his taking of oaths and the singing of a Te Deum hymn followed by â€˜a magnificent medieval processionâ€™.</text>
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