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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59602764" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59602764&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Mothers Day, &lt;em&gt;The Register,&lt;/em&gt; 7 May 1915</text>
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                <text>Adelaide, celebration, Church services, custom, duty, gifts, gratitude, family, festival, homage, Lent, May, medieval custom, mother, mothering, motherâ€™s day, observance, tradition, SA, South Australia, Sunday, white flowers, Young Womenâ€™s Christian Association.</text>
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                <text>This article from &lt;em&gt;The Register&lt;/em&gt; in 1915 traces the origins of Mothers&amp;rsquo; Day celebrations to the medieval period, when adolescent children would be afforded a holiday from work on the fourth Sunday in Lent to &amp;lsquo;go a-mothering&amp;rsquo;. On such occasions, the article explains, family members would assemble and pay homage to mothers by presenting gifts, and a general air of festivity ensued with special Church services and prayers containing more than usual reference to family life. While some elements of the festivities were not adopted in Australia, the article continues, the observance of mothers day is regularly marked by the wearing of white flowers, and by annual festivals such as the one conducted at the Young Women&amp;rsquo;s Christian Association headquarters in Adelaide.</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59602764" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59602764&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Register&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>7 May 1915, p.6</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Spirit of Festival: What Lies Behind the Carol, &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt;, 24 December 1937</text>
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                <text>Apprentices, book, carol, celebration, Christian tradition, Christmas, Christmas Carols, dancing, drinking songs, festival, festivity, Greccio, medieval custom, melodies, merriment, Miracle plays, Mystery plays, popular tunes, puritan, religious lyrics, revival, singing, song, St Francis of Assisi, tradition, Wynken de Worde. </text>
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                <text>This article from &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt; traces the history of Christmas carols back to the medieval period. It dates their origin to the beginning of the thirteenth century, when Francis of Assisi taught children to dance around a model of the manger in the Italian village of Greccio. Subsequently, they were introduced into England through the Mystery and Miracle plays. Although religious in content, the article notes with amusement that the carols were often set to the tune of drinking songs, presumably because they were familiar. Carols and the dances that accompanied them remained popular, the article claims, until Puritan edicts forbade Christmas festivities and all manner of celebration in the seventeenth century. Their survival is credited here to two nineteenth-century English clergymen, who translated a Swedish book of medieval melodies in 1853 and succeeded in reviving interest in carols and old folk songs more generally.</text>
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                <text>TROVE: The National Library, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41601916&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>24 December 1937, p.15</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism in the Classroom</text>
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                  <text>This Collection traces the development of academic medievalism in Australiaâ€™s universities, and explores the disciplineâ€™s complex ideological affiliations. In this Collection you will find items relating to: the medievalist content of educational programmes, such as examples of university unit outlines; the teaching of the medieval through processes of medievalism, such as in demonstrations of medieval cooking or fighting techniques; and references to the medieval in modern educational debates and contexts.</text>
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                <text>â€œReceptions: Medieval and Early Modern Cultural Appropriationsâ€ Conference Poster</text>
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                <text>appropriation, Call for papers, Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, CMEMS, conference, cultural encounters, exchange, legacy, literature, Perth, Perth Medieval and Renaissance Group, PMRG, university, universities, education, UWA, The University of Western Australia, tradition, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This poster advertises the 2012 annual conference of the Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies (at The University of Western Australia) and the Perth Medieval and Renaissance Group, which was held at UWA on 17-18 August 2012. The theme of the conference was &amp;ldquo;Receptions: Medieval and Early Modern Cultural Appropriations&amp;rdquo;, and featured papers exploring a range of cultural appropriations in, by and of the medieval and early modern world. One of the possible themes or approaches suggested by the convenors was medievalism. For more information about this conference, see: &lt;a href="http://www.pmrg.arts.uwa.edu.au/2012_conference" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.pmrg.arts.uwa.edu.au/2012_conference&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Hirsch, Brett</text>
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                <text>Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, The University of Western Australia</text>
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                <text>Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, The University of Western Australia</text>
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                <text>February 2012</text>
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                <text>Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, The University of Western Australia</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Adolf Hitler, Hitler, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), architecture, art, Bavaria, Bayreuth, burgher, Burgomaster Nusch, cathedral, church, commander-in-chief Tilly, â€œDer Meistertrunkâ€, Dinkelsbuhl, education, engraving, festival, Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805), Germany, German folklore, gothic architecture, â€˜heroic pastâ€™, historical plays, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), journeyman, Master, medieval city, medieval craft, medieval housing, medieval town, merchant, Nazi parades, Nuremburg, pageant, Peasantsâ€™ Revolt (1525), Rathaus (Town Hall), religion, Roder gate, Rothenburg, school pilgrimages, St James, St Marcus Tower, Thirty Yearsâ€™ War (1618-1648), Tillman Riemenschneider (1460-1531), tradition, Wagner festival, walled town, Whitsuntide</text>
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                <text>In this article, John T. McMahon discusses a visit to Rothenburg in 1936, which he describes as â€œthe finest surviving example of a medieval city with its walls, gates and towersâ€. After giving a brief history of Rothenburgâ€™s medieval past, its conversion to Protestantism after the Peasantsâ€™ Revolt in 1525 and its involvement in the Thirty Yearsâ€™ War, he recounts a folkloric tale about Burgomaster Nusch saving the town from being plundered in 1621, by plying the Catholic Commander-in-Chief Tilly and his Imperial soldiers with large quantities of wine and himself accepting a challenge to drink the contents of a very large goblet. This tale, McMahon suggests, began the tradition of performing the historical festival play, â€œDer Meistertrunkâ€, in the Rathaus (Town Hall) every Whitsuntide. He then moves on to discuss what he coins as â€œHitlerâ€™s Historical Programmeâ€. In Nazi Germany, he suggests, there is a renewed interest in German folklore, a â€œrenaissance of interest in the heroic stories of the German peopleâ€. As well as the festival play in Rothenburg, he cites school pilgrimages to the homes of Goethe and Schiller, the founding of museums, and parades in historically significant locations such as Nuremburg as examples of this trend. He commends the â€œfar-reaching educative influence of such a treatment of historyâ€, suggesting that â€œwe could, with profit, do much more of that form of pageantry in school entertainments and occasional celebrationsâ€. He concludes, however, by taking issue with Hitlerâ€™s stance on religion. Not only were the church steeples and shrines he saw in Bavaria evidence of the continued importance of religious faith in the â€œsimple God-fearing lives of peasant farmersâ€, he argues, the continuing legacy of gothic churches such as St James (built in 1373) and ecclesiastical artwork such as Riemenschneiderâ€™s 1478 â€œLast Supperâ€ could simply not be overlooked. </text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>The Mace of Parliament</text>
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                <text>In this article from the Western Argus, the significance and history of the mace in parliamentary proceedings is explained. The author describes the mace used in the Victorian Legislative Assembly as a sceptre surmounted by a cross, an orb and the crown of England. It is also decorated with the waratah flower of Australia, the rose of England, the thistle of Scotland and the harp of Ireland. The symbolic and ceremonial function of the mace in the opening and closing of parliamentary proceedings is explained, and the history of the mace as a weapon of medieval warfare is noted. The article suggests that the association of the mace with parliament is likely to originate from the medieval period: â€œIn medieval England the king appointed a Royal bodyguard of stalwart men, gaudily uniformed, and each bearing a mace. They came to be known as serjeants-at-arms. When Parliament was divided into two Houses â€“ the Commons and the Lords â€“ two serjeants-at-arms were provided from the Kingâ€™s bodyguard. The institution has survived. With the serjeant-at-arms has remained the mace, not as a weapon but as a symbol of office; and gradually the mace came to be associated with all the ceremonies and customs of the Commonsâ€. The article goes on to explain the traditional rivalry between the House of Commons and the House of Lords concerning the superior authority of the mace or its equivalent in the House of lords, the black rod (in the keeping of The Usher of the Black Rod). Traditional and symbolic rituals involving the mace and the black rod are also described. If the Usher of the Black Rod approaches the House of Commons to summon the Speaker, for example, the door is ceremoniously closed on him and he is required to knock three times and beg admittance. Similarly, the serjeant-at-arms is not permitted to enter the House of Lords without first surrendering the mace to the doorkeeper. </text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>anniversary, Apostolic Administrator, Apostolic Vicar, Apostolic vicariate of Kimberley in Western Australia, bishop, Bishop of Cologne, Bishop Ernesto Coppo, Bishop John Jobst, Bishop Otto Raible (1887-1966), cardinal, Cardinal Frings, Cardinal Griffin, cathedral, Catholic jurisdiction, Catholicism, celebration, ceremony, Cologne, Cologne Cathedral, Diocese of Broome, Kimberley region, Lord Pakenham, â€œmedieval splendourâ€, north-west Australia, priest, Roman Catholic Church, titular bishop, tradition, University Hall, vicariate</text>
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                <text>In this article from The West Australian, the attendance of the Apostolic Vicar of North-West Australia at celebrations in Cologne for the 700th anniversary of Cologne Cathedral is reported. The proceedings, the article suggests, were opened with a ceremony of â€œmedieval splendourâ€. The man in question is most likely the German-born Bishop Otto Raible, who succeeded Bishop Ernesto Coppo as the Apostolic Administrator of the Vicariate of Kimberley in Western Australia in 1928. He continued in this position until 1935, when he was consecrated as a bishop. Thereafter, he served as the Vicar Apostolic between 1935 and 1958. He was succeeded by Bishop John Jobst in 1959, when the jurisdiction was also renamed the vicariate of Kimberleys. In 1966, it was promoted as the Diocese of Broome. </text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;National Library of Australia,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46928923" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46928923&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>16 August 1948, p. 11.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemPopLarger.aspx?itemid=19711"&gt;http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemPopLarger.aspx?itemid=19711&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A Knight and his Lady, University Commemoration Day ("Commem") through streets</text>
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                <text>armour, chain mail, chainmail, â€œCommem Dayâ€, commemoration, costume, custom, fancy dress, â€œFestival Dayâ€, festivities, helmet, horse, knight, knights, knighthood, chivalry, lady, medieval costume, medieval dress, medieval romance, romance, NSW, New South Wales, parade, pennant, procession, Sam Hood (1872-1953), shield, St George cross, street parade, students, Sydney, The University of Sydney, tradition, university</text>
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                <text>Hyperlink to a photograph of two Sydney university students participating in the â€œCommem Dayâ€ street parade in 1937, taken by renowned Australian photographer Sam Hood. The two students in the photograph appear on horseback and in costume; a male student is dressed as a medieval knight complete with chainmail, a helmet and a shield, and a female student dons an imitation medieval style dress and hat.  â€œCommem Dayâ€ was an annual procession orchestrated by students at The University of Sydney. It began as an impromptu concert performed by students waiting to have their degrees conferred in 1888, but developed into a separate festival involving a parade through the streets of Sydney in the twentieth century. The last â€œCommem Dayâ€ parade was held in 1975.</text>
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                <text>Hood, Sam</text>
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                <text>State Library of New South Wales, Digital Order No. hood_14970</text>
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                <text>State Library of New South Wales</text>
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                <text>19 May 1937</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>State Library of New South Wales</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>A Knight in The University of Sydney Commem Day Parade, 1937</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Hyperlink to a photograph of a Sydney university student participating in the â€œCommem Dayâ€ street parade in 1937, taken by renowned Australian photographer Sam Hood. The student in the photograph appears on horseback and dressed as a medieval knight, complete with chainmail and a helmet.  â€œCommem Dayâ€ was an annual procession orchestrated by students at The University of Sydney. It began as an impromptu concert performed by students waiting to have their degrees conferred in 1888, but developed into a separate festival involving a parade through the streets of Sydney in the early twentieth century. The last â€œCommem Dayâ€ parade was held in 1975.&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Hood, Sam</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13470">
                <text>State Library of New South Wales, Digital Order No. hood_14975</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13471">
                <text>State Library of New South Wales, Hood Collection part I: Sydney streets, buildings, people, activities and events, c.1925-1955</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13472">
                <text>19 May 1937</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13473">
                <text>State Library of New South Wales</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13474">
                <text>Hyperlink; Digitised photograph - 1 film photonegative (copied from original nitrate photonegative)</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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