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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="%20http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71036792" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71036792&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>'Are We Medieval?' &lt;em&gt;The Worker&lt;/em&gt;, 2 January 1904</text>
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                <text>Criticism, democracy, economy, guild, industrialisation, labour, legislation, medieval guilds, McKenzie, politics, Professor Thorold Rogers, progress,  trade, trade bosses, trade guilds, trade unionism, wages, workers, working conditions. </text>
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                <text>This article from Brisbane publication &lt;em&gt;The Worker&lt;/em&gt; rebukes derisive comments published by a London journalist mocking Australia&amp;rsquo;s legislation concerning workers as a reversion to medieval trade laws. Responding to McKenzie&amp;rsquo;s quip that &amp;lsquo;Under the guise of the most advanced democracy you are reverting to regulations which strongly resemble the rigid conditions and strict trade laws of medieval life&amp;rsquo;, the author of the article cites research arguing that medieval workers were comparatively better off than modern workers, and suggests that the old trade guilds only failed when they started admitting the bosses into their membership. With a swipe at the British economy and working conditions, the author concludes that Australian workers will not be frightened by medievalism if it means better conditions and more pay: &amp;lsquo;We who go back 2000 years for our religion have no need to be ashamed of reverting a few centuries to pick up an economic hint or two. We go backwards sometimes to progress&amp;rsquo;.</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71036792" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71036792&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>2 January 1904, p.3</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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                <text>Eight Hour Procession 1901, Sydney</text>
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                <text>Eight-Hours Day, Sydney, Labour Movement, Trade Unions, carnival, Trade Union, trade unionism, procession, parade, processions, parades, â€˜Merrie Englandâ€™, craft guild, guild, guilds, craft, medieval origins of eight-hours day, carnival, Professor J.E. Thorold Rogers, Agincourt, Poitiers, Golden age of labour, labour, labourer, work, worker, workers, labourers, Charles Jardyne Don, stonemasons; King Alfred as originator of eight hours rest, sleep and recreation, Toothâ€™s brewery, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW</text>
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                <text>The writer credits the craft guilds of medieval England for the eight-hour system, including the Saturday half-holiday. The latter was supposed to be devoted to archery practice, which eventually ensured English mastery of the bow and arrow and their successes at Agincourt and Poitiers. Later in the article, King Alfred is cited as the originator of the divided day: sleep, work and recreation.&#13;
&#13;
Although the eight-hour movement was won in Melbourne in 1856 after the stonemasons working on the construction of the University of Melbourne marched to the Government House, the writer asserts that it was won in Sydney in 1855 for the Toothâ€™s brewery workers.</text>
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                <text>O'Sullivan, R.W.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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                <text>7 May 1901</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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PDF</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;A photograph from c. 1911 of a large crowd lining Argent Street in Broken Hill to watch a Labor Day procession of men carrying union banners.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Union banners have a medieval predecessor in the banners used by guilds (an association of craftsmen in the same trade), with each guild having a banner to show their trade. Some historians consider trade unions to be the successors of medieval guilds.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For an example of recreation medieval guild banners from 1909 in York see &lt;a href="http://www.theyorkcompany.co.uk/find_out_more/page020104.php" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.theyorkcompany.co.uk/find_out_more/page020104.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>ca. 1911</text>
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&#13;
&#13;
Transliteration from Trove [HH]&#13;
&#13;
All hail to the Knights of Labor!&#13;
All hail to the Eight Hours Day!&#13;
Far better than wielding the sabre,&#13;
Is your peaceful and grand display.&#13;
Your banners float proudly over&#13;
To tell how your cause was won&#13;
Since the time when your day would cover&#13;
From rising to setting sun.&#13;
&#13;
But do not forget you have brothers&#13;
Who toll in the midnightâ€™s gloom,&#13;
Or sisters, perchance, or others&#13;
Who are wasting their youthful bloom;&#13;
Who sweat when they world is sleeping,&#13;
To win starvationâ€™s meat,&#13;
With no relief save weeping â€“ &#13;
Their lot is hard indeed.&#13;
&#13;
All hail to our glorious Union!&#13;
Success to the A.M.A.!&#13;
That fought like brave and true men&#13;
Till they gained the Eight Hours Day.&#13;
No sanguine conflict marred the strife, &#13;
â€˜Twas moral force alone&#13;
That gained the glorious victory&#13;
That might adorn a throne.&#13;
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                <text>â€˜Labor Omnia Vincitâ€™ (work conquers everything) is a historically significant slogan associated with the American and English labour movements. It was also the motto of the Knights of Labour, a group started in the 1860s in America. The Knights of Labor had members in Australia in the late nineteenth century. Geelong (Vic.) Trades Hall adopted the slogan as its motto and inscribed it on their building. A large number of Australian schools have also taken the slogan as their school code.</text>
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&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;a href="http://intranet.ballaratsc.vic.edu.au/Learning/ImageBank/images/vic/geelong/7080_17.jpg"&gt;http://intranet.ballaratsc.vic.edu.au/Learning/ImageBank/images/vic/geelong/7080_17.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>Federated Municipal Employees depicted with a FME banner drawn by four horses at a trade union parade in Ballarat, 1920. Some historians consider trade unions to be the successors of medieval guilds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For information regarding the Federated Municipal Employees' Union of Australia, see:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.atua.org.au/biogs/ALE0475b.htm"&gt;http://www.atua.org.au/biogs/ALE0475b.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>ca. 1920</text>
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