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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Parkes and the Templars&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 3 September 1887</text>
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                <text>alcohol, Bulletin, drunkenness, I.O.G.T., New South Wales, NSW, piety, pledge, poem, politics, Sir Henry Parkes (1815-1896), state politics, temperance, Templars. </text>
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                <text>This poem has links with medievalism through its reference to &amp;lsquo;the Templars&amp;rsquo;. However, the Templars to whom it refers are not the famous medieval order of crusading knights but rather the crusading nineteenth-century temperance society, the I.O.G.T. The anonymous writer accuses Sir Henry Parkes (P-RK-S) of joining with, or rather of making use of, the temperance league for vested political interests. Presumably, the wily NSW premier was being accused of securing temperance votes by any means possible; including offering false &amp;lsquo;pledges.&amp;rsquo; At the time, Parkes was into his fourth premiership, which he secured on a Free Trade ticket. He later managed to attain the office for a fifth time, equalling the accomplishment of his old rival Sir John Robertson. It is unlikely that Parkes ever seriously entertained the idea of enforcing temperance on the colony; he was too canny and his own fondness for champagne was too well known (see A. W. Martin, 'Parkes, Sir Henry (1815&amp;ndash;1896)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, &lt;a href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/parkes-sir-henry-4366" target="_blank"&gt;http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/parkes-sir-henry-4366&lt;/a&gt;). He did, however, &amp;ldquo;regulate the liquor trade&amp;rdquo; in 1881, which pleased the temperance groups momentarily. The final stanza of the poem announces &amp;ldquo;When all the world is turned teetotal / Then P----s will leave the pleasant bottle, / But that&amp;rsquo;s in dim hereafter.&amp;rdquo; The anonymous Bulletin contributor also upbraids Sir Henry (and presumably politicians in general) for failing to maintain and justify &amp;lsquo;broken&amp;rsquo; political pledges, for reasons only hinted at here.</text>
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                <text>3 September 1887, p.8</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>â€˜An I.O.G.T. Idyllâ€™</text>
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                <text>Crusades, doggerel, idyll, I.O.G.T., drunkenness, military order, Order of Knights Templar, Order of the Temple, sobriety, Soldiers of Christ, templar, templar knights, temperance, temperance society, The International Order of Good Templars</text>
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                <text>This amusing temperance â€˜dittyâ€™ describes the adventures of â€œa burly Templar chiefâ€ whose carefree night of drinking turns out to be more than he expected or bargained for. The I.O.G.T. was a temperance society (The International Order of Good Templars). There were people from all walks of life and religious persuasions involved in the temperance movement in 1880s Australia, Britain, America and Sweden. Presumably the I.O.G.T. hierarchy viewed themselves as crusader knights fighting the â€œGood Fight,â€ and clearly a good fight was one that ended well for â€˜true believersâ€™ and badly for their foes (i.e. â€˜winebibbersâ€™, â€˜publicansâ€™ and â€˜sinners). However, it should be noted that the Order of Knights Templar, a powerful military order and charitable organisation in the Middle Ages, was never actually forbidden the use of wine, and occasionally instances of over-indulgence were recorded (See Dominic Selwood, Knights of the Cloister: Templars and Hospitallers in central-southern Occitania c.1100-c.1300, Woodbridge, Boydell, 2001, p.205). This oversight reveals the mindset of those who supported the adoption of quasi-medieval terminology and ceremony in the nineteenth-century, without fully appreciating the history and behaviour of those whose names they had chosen to adopt.</text>
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                <text>11 November 1882 (p. 8)</text>
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