1 8 9 https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/79d55fb6c53a1e7e6c8173315dee8fa5.pdf c9ef35139f0a67773a996cde54119e1b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism on the Page Description An account of the resource This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49605228" target="_self">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49605228</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roaming Tiger, The West Australian, 12 December 1953 Subject The topic of the resource Aesop, Androcles, animals, anthropomorphism, coat of arms, circus, courage, emblem, fables, folklore, gratitude, honour, lion, loyalty, medieval romance, Narrandera, New South Wales, NSW, popular culture, Reynard the Fox, Red Riding Hood, Remus, she-wolf, stories, story-tellers, symbolism, tiger, wolf. Description An account of the resource This interest piece from The West Australian in 1953 discusses the symbolic use of animals in roman legends and medieval fables, and their anthropomorphic investment with human characteristics. Using an incident in New South Wales where a circus tiger wandered into a neighbouring house and licked a sleeping child as their impetus, the author claims that animal stories have been popular since the days of Aesop. Amongst other examples, they note that in medieval stories about Reynard the Fox, he was usually depicted as a genial, roguish hero, and that the writers of medieval romances regularly employed the lion to symbolise courage and honour. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C. R. Collins Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National library of Australia: <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49605228" target="_self">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49605228</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The West Australian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12 December 1953, p.33 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Expired Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Article Aesop Androcles Animals anthropomorphism circus coat of arms courage emblem fables folklore gratitude honour lion loyalty Medieval Romance Narrandera New South Wales NSW popular culture Red Riding Hood Remus Reynard the Fox she-wolf stories story-tellers symbolism tiger wolf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism at the Foundations Description An account of the resource This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL <a href="http://www.sthuberts.com.au/history/who" target="_blank">http://www.sthuberts.com.au/history/who</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Hubertâ€™s Vineyard, Coldstream, Victoria Subject The topic of the resource Antlers, Austrasia, Coldstream, cross, emblem, Franks, Hubert de Castella, hunters, Neustria, patron saint, Pepin of Heristal, saint, St Hubert, stag, symbolism, Victoria, VIC, vineyard, vision, winery, Yarra Valley Description An account of the resource St Hubertâ€™s vineyard in Coldstream, Victoria, was founded by Hubert de Castella in 1862. It is named after St Hubert, the â€˜Apostle of Ardennesâ€™ and patron saint of hunters. Born c.656, Hubert was the eldest son of Bertrand, Duke of Aquitaine. He was a prominent member at the Court of Neustria in his youth and later (after fleeing to the Eastern Frankish territories) at Pepin of Heristalâ€™s Court in Austrasia. He is believed to have increasingly prioritised hunting over religious observance, which culminated sometime soon after his marriage (682) in a vision of a stag carrying a shining cross between his antlers. The stag told him to transform his ways or he would go to hell. Henceforth, he distributed his wealth amongst the poor, renounced his dukedom, was ordained as a priest, founded a number of monasteries and engaged in missionary work until his death in c.727. In homage to this legend, the St Hubertâ€™s Vineyard emblem features a stag and a cross. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource St. Hubert's Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. Hubert's Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hyperlink Antlers Austrasia Coldstream cross emblem Franks Hubert de Castella hunters Neustria patron saint Pepin of Heristal saint St Hubert stag symbolism Vic Victoria vineyard vision winery Yarra Valley Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism at the Foundations Description An account of the resource This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL To view this image, 1.       go to: <a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp" target="_blank">http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp</a> 2.       search by artist or title. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancilla Domini; or, Handmaid or â€˜maid servantâ€™ of the Lord Subject The topic of the resource Adam, angel, Annunciation, Art, colour, curtain, Eden, Eve, Gabriel, lilies, Mary, Pre-Raphaelite, religious art, Renaissance art, rose, Rupert Bunny (1864-1947), SA, South Australia, symbolism, vermillion, virgin Description An account of the resource This work by Australian artist Rupert Bunny was acquired by the Art Gallery of South Australia in 1996. It depicts the religious subject of the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel descended from heaven to tell Mary that she would conceive the son of God. An angel dressed in white stands with one arm outstretched before the kneeling figure of Mary. The angel holds white lilies, while Mary clutches a white rose and is surrounded by pink roses. The background is dominated by a bold vermillion red curtain and a wall hanging showing Adam and Eve being cast from the Garden of Eden by a sword-wielding angel. This work dates from the 1890s, a time when Bunny was preoccupied with biblical themes. He was influenced by the symbolists of the nineteenth century and also the Pre-Raphaelites, as is evidenced here by “a return to the detailed, brightly coloured and symbolically rich art of the early Italian Renaissance” (See the accompanying information pages on the Art Gallery of South Australia’s website at: <a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/TLF/964p25/" target="_blank">http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/TLF/964p25/</a>). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bunny, Rupert Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Art Gallery of South Australia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1896 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Art Gallery of South Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Oil on Canvas, 100.3 x 110.4cm; Hyperlink Adam angel Annunciation art colour curtain Eden Eve Gabriel lilies Mary Pre-Raphaelite religious art Renaissance art rose Rupert Bunny (1864-1947) SA South Australia symbolism vermillion virgin Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism at the Foundations Description An account of the resource This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL <a href="http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/245425/window-stained-glass-ferguson-urie-circa-1872" target="_blank">http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/245425/window-stained-glass-ferguson-urie-circa-1872</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stairwell window at â€˜Glenferrie,â€™ Malvern, Victoria Subject The topic of the resource Australiana, blazon, coat-of-arms, colonialism, Emu, Ferguson & Urie, Fergusson coat-of-arms, Glenferrie, James Fergusson, Kangaroo, Malvern, medieval design, rose, shamrock, Stained Glass, symbolism, thistle, VIC, Victoria Description An account of the resource This commanding stairwell window by Ferguson & Urie (1872) is calculated to reflect the prosperity and good fortune of the original owner, James Fergusson. Fergusson was a Melbourne manufacturing stationer, and was at times a member of the Legislative assembly and Shire President. The window was probably installed shortly after he moved into â€˜Glenferrieâ€™ in 1872 and remained there, long after Fergusson died in 1888, until the house was demolished in 1954. The window comprises three large central lights, the innermost of which contains the Fergusson Coat-of-Arms, and three smaller top lights, each containing specifically Australian motifs (Kangaroo, Colonial Coat-of Arms, and an Emu). The â€˜diaperedâ€™ octagonal background quarries feature a rose, shamrock, and thistle pattern that is stylistically â€˜medieval,â€™ signifying a link to the British Isles. Hand painted scenes in the (lower) main tier of panels depict relevant features of the burgeoning economy, which are related to trade, productivity, and the exploitation of natural resources. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Healley, Ben Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Museum Victoria Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Â© Museum Victoria Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hyperlink Australiana blazon coat-of-arms colonialism Emu Ferguson & Urie Fergusson coat-of-arms Glenferrie James Fergusson kangaroo Malvern medieval design rose shamrock stained glass symbolism thistle Vic Victoria Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism at the Foundations Description An account of the resource This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL The City of Sydney Archives digital photograph bank: <a href="http://photosau.com.au/Cos/scripts/home.asp" target="_blank">http://photosau.com.au/Cos/scripts/home.asp</a> Type: ‘stained glass’ into the Search box, then ‘click’ Search View: Image 5 – 006121 (click to enlarge). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The â€˜Australiaâ€™ window; or â€˜Oceaniaâ€™ in the Sydney Town Hall Subject The topic of the resource Allegory, centenary, colony, Goodlet & Smith, lantern, Lucien Henry, nationalism, neo-romanesque, New South Wales, Norman Revival, NSW, patriotism, Romanesque, Southern Cross, stained glass, Sydney, Sydney Town Hall, symbolism, trident, Union Jack, window Description An account of the resource One of two neo-romanesque with rounded heads and stylised borders designed by Frenchman Lucian Henry and manufactured by Goodlet & Smith for the Sydney Town Hall auditorium, at a time when national fervour was running high in the late nineteenth century. These windows are reminiscent of Romanesque or Norman figural windows dating from the eleventh century. A tall allegorical figure, which doubtless personifies the colony of NSW, wears a helmet of ramâ€™s horns encircled by the sunâ€™s rays. She carries a minerâ€™s lantern and a trident. The figure is draped in the Union Jack, and framed by four white stars on blue grounds in the shape of the Southern Cross. The fifth star is placed upon the womanâ€™s forehead. Symbolism of this type has decidedly classical and also medieval precedents (See James Hall, Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art, 2nd Edition, Boulder, Westview Press, 2008, p.316). The woman stands astride the globe, which is inscribed with her name. The central window is flanked by decorative (and recognisably) Australian floral sidelights adorned with the words â€˜Advance Australiaâ€™ and the dates of the centenary (1788-1888). This â€˜Australiaâ€™ window is one of two inspirational Lucien Henry stair windows installed to celebrate Sydneyâ€™s centenary and to promote the developing national identity narrative. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucien Henry (designer) Goodlet & Smith (manufacturers) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Sydney, 1887-88 (windows) Sydney, c. 1989 (photograph) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Â© City of Sydney Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hyperlink allegory centenary colony Goodlet & Smith lantern Lucien Henry nationalism neo-Romanesque New South Wales Norman Revival NSW patriotism Romanesque Southern Cross stained glass Sydney Sydney Town Hall symbolism trident Union Jack window Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism at the Foundations Description An account of the resource This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL <a href="http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/4069" target="_blank">http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/4069</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fair Rosamund Subject The topic of the resource Arthur Hughes (1832-1915), Eleanor of Aquitaine, fleur-de-lys, flowers, foxgloves, garden, Henry II of England, iris, maze, mistress, poison, Rosamund, secret garden, symbolism, VIC, Victoria, Walter de Clifford, Woodstock Description An account of the resource This work by English artist Arthur Hughes depicts the twelfth-century figure of Rosamund in the garden that King Henry II of England created for her at his royal residence in Oxfordshire. Rosamund was Henryâ€™s mistress. She was reputedly poisoned in 1176 by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry's wife. Eleanor can be seen in the background of the painting discovering the entrance to the secret garden, which was only accessible by way of a maze. As Ted Gott et al suggest,the selection of flowers in the painting add important symbolism - blue foxgloves, a source of poison, line the queenâ€™s path, while purple irises are visible in the foreground. Irises were associated with the Greek Goddess Iris who chaperoned the souls of dead women to the Elysian Fields, and also with the fleur-de-lys, a symbol of the French crown. Eleanor of Aquitaine was the Queen of France from 1137-1152. (See Ted Gott et al, 19th Century Painting and Sculpture in the International Collections of the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria, 2003, p.78). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hughes, Arthur Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Gallery of Victoria Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1854 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Gallery of Victoria Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Oil on Wood Panel, 40.3 x 30.5cm; Hyperlink Arthur Hughes (1832-1915) Eleanor of Aquitaine fleur-de-lys flowers foxgloves garden Henry II of England iris maze mistress poison Rosamund secret garden symbolism Vic Victoria Walter de Clifford Woodstock Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism on the Streets Description An account of the resource This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL <a href="http://www.mainlymedieval.com/store/product_info.php?products_id=883">http://www.mainlymedieval.com/store/product_info.php?products_id=883</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pilgrim Badge: St James of Compostella Subject The topic of the resource Badge, Compostella, material culture, â€˜Mainly Medievalâ€™, medieval pilgrimage, NSW, New South Wales, pilgrim, pilgrimage, replica, reproduction, Saint James, scallop shell, shrine, Spain, St James, symbolism, Way of St James Description An account of the resource An advertisement for a scallop shell badge distributed by â€˜Mainly Medievalâ€™, an online re-enactor supplies company based in New South Wales. The scallop shell badge signifies that the wearer has completed the lengthy overland pilgrimage known in English as the Way of St James. This pilgrimage, which now starts at Roncesvalles, gradually winds its way to the Cathedral in Compostela, NW Spain. The ninth-century version, however, was considerably shorter due to the Moorish occupation. This early route started at Oviedo, passed through Lugo, and culminated at Santiago de Compostela, covering a distance of 328 km. The church was built at Compostella as a shrine to James, the son of Salome and Zebedee, who died in Jerusalem AD 44 by order of King Agrippa. His body was reputedly rediscovered in 840 by divine revelation to Bishop Theodomirus (See Gertrude Jobes, Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols, New York, The Scarecrow Press, 1962, vol.2, p.1372). The Vatican â€˜officiallyâ€™ confirmed the location of St Jamesâ€™s relics and tomb via a Papal Bull in 1884, and consequently the Camino de Santiago de Compostela became one of the worldâ€™s great long-distance â€˜pilgrimages.â€™ Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mainly Medieval Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Â© 2011 Mainly Medieval Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hyperlink Language A language of the resource English â€˜Mainly Medievalâ€™ Badge Compostella material culture medieval pilgrimage New South Wales NSW pilgrim pilgrimage replica reproduction Saint James scallop shell shrine Spain St James symbolism Way of St James Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism on the Streets Description An account of the resource This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism. Hyperlink Title, URL, Description or annotation. URL <a href="http://www.mainlymedieval.com/store/product_info.php?cPath=171_111_101&products_id=488">http://www.mainlymedieval.com/store/product_info.php?cPath=171_111_101&products_id=488</a>. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Replica Thirteenth-Century Devotional Candleholder Subject The topic of the resource artefact, blessing, candle, candles, candleholder, candle-holder, Christ, Christian, Christianity, devotion, devotional, light, â€˜Mainly Medievalâ€™, material culture, New South Wales, NSW, re-enactment, reenactment, replica, symbolism Description An account of the resource An advertisement for a replica thirteenth-century devotional candleholder distributed by â€˜Mainly Medievalâ€™, an online re-enactor supplies company based in New South Wales. In purified Christianised logic, the candle is a symbol of â€˜devotion,â€™ and (prayerful) â€˜studyâ€™ (See Gertrude Jobes, Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols, New York, The Scarecrow Press, 1962, vol. 1, p.284). The candle also symbolises light and, by extension, Christ. This candleholder is a heavy pewter artefact, designed for maximum stability and utility. It contains a blessing which states, â€œGod bless those present and those that made meâ€. Candles and candleholders were used in the homes of the wealthy, especially in the libraries of those able to read and write, as well as in monasteries, churches, and universities. It seems unlikely, however, that such an expensive candleholder as this would be found in peasant dwellings, where rushlights and light from the fire would be sufficient to see after dark. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mainly Medieval Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Â© 2011 Mainly Medieval Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Hyperlink Language A language of the resource English â€˜Mainly Medievalâ€™ artefact blessing candle candle-holder candleholder candles Christ Christian Christianity devotion devotional light material culture New South Wales NSW re-enactment reenactment replica symbolism