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                <text>An image taken at the Kryal Castle model Medieval Torture display. This mannequin is being tortured using a rat in a cage, an effective form of capital punishment used in the Middle Ages.&#13;
&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
&#13;
Located 8km from Ballarat in Victoria, Kryal Castle is a local tourist attraction. Described as â€˜Australiaâ€™s unique medieval castleâ€™, Kryal Castle can be hired for weddings, conferences, functions, and special events. It was built in 1972 and opened in 1974 by Keith Ryall. Its medieval architectural features include crenellation, a moat, and a defended gate with flanking towers, drawbridge and a porticullis. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This photographic artwork by Australian artist Fiona Hall belongs to a series titled &amp;lsquo;Illustrations to Dante&amp;rsquo;s Divine Comedy&amp;rsquo;. It is held by The National Gallery of Australia and depicts a scene from canto XIII of Dante Alighieri&amp;rsquo;s &amp;lsquo;Inferno&amp;rsquo;, the first part of his famous medieval Italian poem &lt;em&gt;The Divine Comedy&lt;/em&gt;. Written between 1308 and 1321,&lt;em&gt; The Divine Comedy&lt;/em&gt; tells of Dante&amp;rsquo;s journey through hell, purgatory and paradise respectively, guided at first by the Roman poet Virgil and then by his ideal woman, Beatrice. In canto XIII, Dante and Virgil descend into the second ring of the seventh circle of hell, where people who committed suicide were cast. They come across a thorny, tangled forest of gnarled trees that bleed and cry in pain when they are broken. One of the trees, who identifies himself as Pier della Vigna, a prominent figure at the imperial court of Frederick II, explains to Dante that people like himself who committed suicide were sent by Minos to the wood where they would grow into trees, all the while being wounded by harpies (half woman/half-bird creatures) who would tear and feast on their leaves. They are then disturbed by the sight of two figures running frantically through the forest. The slower of the two, subsequently identified as Giacomo of Sant&amp;rsquo; Andrea, takes refuge in a bush, only to be pounced upon by a number of black female mastiffs who &amp;lsquo;rent him piecemeal&amp;rsquo;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For an English translation of &amp;lsquo;Inferno, canto XIII&amp;rsquo;, translated by the Rev. H. F. Cary, see: &lt;a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dante/d19he/canto13.html"&gt;http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dante/d19he/canto13.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>An image taken at the Kryal Castle model Medieval Torture display. The mannequins have been chained to the wall as prisoners in a medieval 'torture chamber.'&#13;
&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
&#13;
Located 8km from Ballarat in Victoria, Kryal Castle is a local tourist attraction. Described as â€˜Australiaâ€™s unique medieval castleâ€™, Kryal Castle can be hired for weddings, conferences, functions, and special events. It was built in 1972 and opened in 1974 by Keith Ryall. Its medieval architectural features include crenellation, a moat, and a defended gate with flanking towers, drawbridge and a porticullis. </text>
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                <text>Untitled article: â€œthe medieval barbarities of our state criminal factoriesâ€</text>
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                <text>criminal justice, justice, crime, criminal, just, Fremantle, Fremantle prison, gaol, Geraldton Express, incarceration, imprisonment, innocence, medieval barbarity, parliamentary enquiry, penal system, prison, prison reform, prison sentence, punishment, reform, Royal Commission, violence, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>In the second half of this article, an excerpt from the Geraldton Express discussing the Royal Commission into the penal system in Western Australia is reprinted. The Commission, it asserts, had already succeeded in awaking public opinion to the need for reform and had led to the release of a number of innocent men from prison. In an attempt to emphasise the obsolete practices and inhumane punishments of the penal administration, the author associates them with the pre-modern past. The role of the Commission is described as being â€œto inquire into the Chamber of National Horrors at Fremantle and the medieval barbarities of our state criminal factoriesâ€.</text>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>West Australian Sunday Times</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>25 December 1898, p. 18.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8060">
                <text>West Australian Sunday Times</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Format</name>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eef885787cc7bd6fb9f731e02e77eb3c.pdf</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14400">
                <text>Medieval "Justice" Had Strange Ways</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14401">
                <text>accused, barbarity,  criminal, criminality, crime, divine intervention, fire, guilt, innocence, justice, law, legal, medieval law, oath, ordeal, Ordeal by Fire, Ordeal by Water, punishment, water</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This article from the Junior Argus section of Melbourne newspaper The Argus describes what the author regards as 'strange' methods for ascertaining guilt or innocence in the medieval past. Short of finding reputable people to swear to a personâ€™s innocence upon oath, the article outlines the three different methods used in trials by ordeal. In the Ordeal of Fire, it explains, an accused person was forced to hold a red hot brazier and guilt was determined by whether the hands healed or blistered within a matter of days. Sometimes boiling water was used instead of fire. Alternatively the accused was restrained and thrown into a pool of water, and guilt was determined by whether they sank or swam. The premise of these ordeals was that God would intervene to protect the innocent. The author of the article concludes by drawing modern parallels between these â€˜terribleâ€™ and â€˜unjustâ€™ medieval practices and the â€˜barbaricâ€™ methods of punishment that were still being used in some countries.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14403">
                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14404">
                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>The Argus</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>5 October 1939</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14407">
                <text>No Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Newspaper article</text>
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        <name>ordeal</name>
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        <name>ordeal by fire</name>
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        <name>ordeal by water</name>
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        <name>punish</name>
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        <name>punishment</name>
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        <name>trial by ordeal</name>
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        <name>water</name>
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