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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?View=LRG&amp;amp;IRN=100786"&gt;http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?View=LRG&amp;amp;IRN=100786&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>â€˜Inferno, canto XIII: The Forest of Suicidesâ€™ by Fiona Hall</text>
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                <text>Afterlife, allegory, art, artwork, birds, canto, Dante Alighieri, dogs, epic poem, forest, Giacomo of Santâ€™ Andrea, harpies, Hell, â€˜Illustrations to Danteâ€™s Divine Comedyâ€™, Inferno, journey, Lano, medieval literature, mastiffs, medieval world-view, modern art, Pier della Vigna (c.1190-1249), photograph, poem, punishment, sin, soul, suffering, The Divine Comedy, The Forest of the Suicides, The National Gallery, trees, underworld, Virgil, wounded.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This photographic artwork by Australian artist Fiona Hall belongs to a series titled &amp;lsquo;Illustrations to Dante&amp;rsquo;s Divine Comedy&amp;rsquo;. It is held by The National Gallery of Australia and depicts a scene from canto XIII of Dante Alighieri&amp;rsquo;s &amp;lsquo;Inferno&amp;rsquo;, the first part of his famous medieval Italian poem &lt;em&gt;The Divine Comedy&lt;/em&gt;. Written between 1308 and 1321,&lt;em&gt; The Divine Comedy&lt;/em&gt; tells of Dante&amp;rsquo;s journey through hell, purgatory and paradise respectively, guided at first by the Roman poet Virgil and then by his ideal woman, Beatrice. In canto XIII, Dante and Virgil descend into the second ring of the seventh circle of hell, where people who committed suicide were cast. They come across a thorny, tangled forest of gnarled trees that bleed and cry in pain when they are broken. One of the trees, who identifies himself as Pier della Vigna, a prominent figure at the imperial court of Frederick II, explains to Dante that people like himself who committed suicide were sent by Minos to the wood where they would grow into trees, all the while being wounded by harpies (half woman/half-bird creatures) who would tear and feast on their leaves. They are then disturbed by the sight of two figures running frantically through the forest. The slower of the two, subsequently identified as Giacomo of Sant&amp;rsquo; Andrea, takes refuge in a bush, only to be pounced upon by a number of black female mastiffs who &amp;lsquo;rent him piecemeal&amp;rsquo;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For an English translation of &amp;lsquo;Inferno, canto XIII&amp;rsquo;, translated by the Rev. H. F. Cary, see: &lt;a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dante/d19he/canto13.html"&gt;http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dante/d19he/canto13.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Fiona Margaret Hall</text>
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                <text>The National Gallery of Australia</text>
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                <text>The National Gallery of Australia</text>
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                <text>1988</text>
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                <text>The National Gallery of Australia</text>
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                <text>Photograph, 53.3cm x 61.5cm.</text>
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        <name>â€˜Illustrations to Danteâ€™s Divine Comedyâ€™</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/sjones/gid/slv-pic-aab31193/1/sj001241"&gt;http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/sjones/gid/slv-pic-aab31193/1/sj001241&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wallace Monument, Botanic Gardens, Ballarat</text>
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                <text>â€˜The Cotterâ€™s Saturday Nightâ€™, Ballarat, Ballarat Botanic Gardens, Battle, Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297), bequest, Edward I (1239-1307), Guardian of Scotland, hero, James Russell Thomson (1818-1886), patriot, poem, Percival Ball (1845-1900), reverence, Robert Burns (1759-1796), statue, Thomson Bequest, VIC, Victoria, William Wallace, warrior. </text>
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                <text>This statue of William Wallace, the Scottish warrior famous for leading the defeat of English forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, stands in the Botanic Gardens in Ballarat, Victoria. Sculpted by Percival Ball of Melbourne and unveiled in 1889, the statue was funded by a Â£3000 bequest to the gardens by James Russell Thomson, a Scottish miner who made his fortune during the Victorian gold rush. It was intended as a tribute to Thomsonâ€™s Scottish origins. The front the statue bears an inscription from Robert Burnsâ€™ 1785 sentimental poem â€˜The Cotterâ€™s Saturday Nightâ€™, which also lauds Wallace as a noble patriot and hero.</text>
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                <text>Valentine &amp; Sonsâ€™ Publishing Co</text>
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                <text>State Library of Victoria</text>
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                <text>c.1913</text>
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                <text>State Library of Victoria</text>
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                <text>Postcard: printed; 8.8 x 13.8 cm</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism in the Classroom</text>
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                  <text>This Collection traces the development of academic medievalism in Australiaâ€™s universities, and explores the disciplineâ€™s complex ideological affiliations. In this Collection you will find items relating to: the medievalist content of educational programmes, such as examples of university unit outlines; the teaching of the medieval through processes of medievalism, such as in demonstrations of medieval cooking or fighting techniques; and references to the medieval in modern educational debates and contexts.</text>
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                <text>Hurdy Gurdy demonstration</text>
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                <text>Alana Bennett, conference, demonstration, hurdy gurdy, instrument, music, performance, Perth, poem, â€˜Receptionsâ€™, University of Western Australia, WA, Western Australia.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This photograph shows Alana Bennett playing a six stringed Phoenix Standard hurdy gurdy made by Helmut Gotschy in Germany (&lt;a href="http://www.gotschy.com"&gt;www.gotschy.com&lt;/a&gt;). The hurdy gurdy is a stringed instrument played by using a crank-turned wheel. It developed from fiddles and was first used during the medieval period. The predecessor of the hurdy gurdy, the organistrum, is first mentioned in a treatise found in a manuscript written at Augsburg (Germany) in c. 1100. Alana presented a paper at the &amp;lsquo;Receptions: Medieval and Early Modern Cultural Appropriations&amp;rsquo; conference held at The University of Western Australia in August 2012 and gave an impromptu demonstration of the hurdy gurdy during a break.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>McLeod, Shane</text>
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                <text>August 18, 2012</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>No copyright</text>
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                <text>â€˜As It Is in the Days of Now,â€™ â€˜The Old Squire,â€™ ancestry, bravery, courage, Dame Ruth, forebears, Henry Lawson (1867-1922), knight, loyalty, outlaws, poem, Sir William series, war. </text>
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                <text>Henry Lawson produced several interrelated medieval poems c. 1908 which &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt; published. &amp;lsquo;Because of her Father&amp;rsquo;s Blood&amp;rsquo; is the third poem of the Sir William series. While the knight is away crusading his aunt, Dame Ruth, is left to keep things in good order at home. This is a poignantly nostalgic poem of courage arising from dire and severe need, wherein an elderly lady and a handful of domestic servants keep a large and rapacious band of outlaws at bay &amp;lsquo;against all the odds.&amp;rsquo; There is something to be said, it seems, for resolute and purposeful determination under duress. That is the core message here, where ordinary men and women - domestics, scullions and grooms, none of them martial or overly brave - combine together under the considerable will and fierce determination of Dame Ruth, and heroic deeds are enacted as a result. Looking to her illustrious forebears provides the catalyst for Dame Ruth&amp;rsquo;s heroism and bravery: &amp;ldquo;For a fearsome mistress she was to serve, / Because of her father&amp;rsquo;s blood.&amp;rdquo; And, extending and applying this &amp;lsquo;medievalist&amp;rsquo; performative metaphor to the national cause, loyalty and bravery are strongly emblematic of Australia&amp;rsquo;s attitude towards and defence of the British Empire in its foreign wars.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Parkes and the Templars&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 3 September 1887</text>
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                <text>alcohol, Bulletin, drunkenness, I.O.G.T., New South Wales, NSW, piety, pledge, poem, politics, Sir Henry Parkes (1815-1896), state politics, temperance, Templars. </text>
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                <text>This poem has links with medievalism through its reference to &amp;lsquo;the Templars&amp;rsquo;. However, the Templars to whom it refers are not the famous medieval order of crusading knights but rather the crusading nineteenth-century temperance society, the I.O.G.T. The anonymous writer accuses Sir Henry Parkes (P-RK-S) of joining with, or rather of making use of, the temperance league for vested political interests. Presumably, the wily NSW premier was being accused of securing temperance votes by any means possible; including offering false &amp;lsquo;pledges.&amp;rsquo; At the time, Parkes was into his fourth premiership, which he secured on a Free Trade ticket. He later managed to attain the office for a fifth time, equalling the accomplishment of his old rival Sir John Robertson. It is unlikely that Parkes ever seriously entertained the idea of enforcing temperance on the colony; he was too canny and his own fondness for champagne was too well known (see A. W. Martin, 'Parkes, Sir Henry (1815&amp;ndash;1896)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, &lt;a href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/parkes-sir-henry-4366" target="_blank"&gt;http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/parkes-sir-henry-4366&lt;/a&gt;). He did, however, &amp;ldquo;regulate the liquor trade&amp;rdquo; in 1881, which pleased the temperance groups momentarily. The final stanza of the poem announces &amp;ldquo;When all the world is turned teetotal / Then P----s will leave the pleasant bottle, / But that&amp;rsquo;s in dim hereafter.&amp;rdquo; The anonymous Bulletin contributor also upbraids Sir Henry (and presumably politicians in general) for failing to maintain and justify &amp;lsquo;broken&amp;rsquo; political pledges, for reasons only hinted at here.</text>
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                <text>This poem provides a vigorous denunciation of â€œthe English caste systemâ€ and â€œcelebrates the decay of feudalism,â€ at least in the Australian rural locale (Louise D'Arcens, Old Songs in the Timeless Land: Medievalism in Australian Literature 1840-1910, Turnhout: Brepols, 2011, p. 143). It praises â€œmuscle and brainâ€ (merit) while condemning the undeserving ruling classes, who it refers to as â€œPampered idlersâ€. The point of the exercise is demonstrated in the lines: â€œKing, prince and lord are a useless load and must by that law abide! / No Parliament can alter that fact, / Or the march of mankind stay.â€ The law that this section of the poem acknowledges is simply the law of Nature, for no law of man can usurp natural law. Underpinning everything else is the firm belief that the â€˜fruits of the earthâ€™ (its wealth and resources) are made not just for a select and powerful minority, but for everyone equally. The inescapable conclusion of the poem is that with the removal of the medieval â€˜baggageâ€™ of the past, i.e. feudalism, nostalgia, overlordship and the monarchy, the earth will return to an extended period of serenity and  harmony under the sure-handed guidance of â€œthe Peopleâ€.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22233">
                <text>A. X. C. (Unknown)</text>
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                <text>The Bulletin</text>
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                <text>15 November 1890 (p. 17)</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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        <name>democracy</name>
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        <name>inequality</name>
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        <name>wealth</name>
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        <name>workers rights</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/4068" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"&gt;http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/4068&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>La Belle Dame sans merci, by Arthur Hughes</text>
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                <text>Alain Chartier, apparition, armor, armour, Arthur Hughes (1832-1915), Arthurian, ballad, chivalric, chivalry, courtly love, damsel, dream, faery child, fair lady, false promise, infatuation, John Keats, knight, La Belle Dame sans merci, maiden, medieval costume, poem, supernatural, unrequited love, VIC, Victoria</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This painting by English artist Arthur Hughes was acquired by the National Gallery of Victoria in 1919 with funds from the Felton Bequest. It portrays a scene from&amp;nbsp;the well-known ballad of the same name penned in 1819 by Romantic poet John Keats. The poem is a tale of unrequited love featuring an Arthurian knight and a beautiful woman he meets in the woods. Described by Keats as a &amp;lsquo;faery&amp;rsquo;s child&amp;rsquo;, the woman woos the knight with songs, food&amp;nbsp;and promises of love, before taking him back to her elfin grot and lulling him to sleep. While asleep, however, he dreams of death-pale kings, princes and warriors crying &amp;ldquo;La Belle Dame sans merci/Thee hath in thrall!&amp;rdquo; before waking up alone on a cold hillside. In the painting, the infatuated knight is pictured in the woods shortly after he has met the beautiful woman and lifted her onto his horse. In the background, the apparitions of the pale figures he will later dream of are visible, trying to convey their warning in vain. Keats borrowed the title for his Arthurian ballad from a fifteenth-century courtly love poem by Alain Chartier.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For a copy of Keats&amp;rsquo; &lt;em&gt;La Belle Dame sans merci&lt;/em&gt;, see &lt;a href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/173740" target="_blank"&gt; &lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/173740&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Hughes, Arthur</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18580">
                <text>National Gallery of Victoria</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1863</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>National Gallery of Victoria</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18583">
                <text>Oil on Canvas, 153.7 x 123cm;&#13;
Hyperlink</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;To view this image,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; go to: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;"&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; search by artist or title. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Sir Galahad and the Pale Nun</text>
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                <text>Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892), Art, Arthur, Arthurian, Arthurian legend, Arthurian romance, chivalric, chivalry, Galahad, gallantry, Holy Grail, Idylls of a King, illustration, knight, Le Morte dâ€™Arthur, legend, Mabinogion, narrative poem, nostalgia, nun, piety, poem, purity, Sir Galahad, Sir Thomas Malory (1405-1471), Victorian revival</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20517">
                <text>This photograph, taken by Julia Margaret Cameron in 1874, is held by the Art Gallery of South Australia. It depicts Sir Galahad, one of the Knights of the Round Table in Arthurian legend, and a nun. The illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine of Corbenic, Galahad was raised in a convent under the care of the Abbess, his Great Aunt. He was one of only 3 Knights to see the Holy Grail, and is renowned in legend for his gallantry, his piety and his purity. He was a popular character in the Victorian revival of Arthurian myth, and these qualities were emphasised in Alfred Lord Tennysonâ€™s 1842 poem â€˜Sir Galahadâ€™. This particular photograph appeared as Plate IX in Alfred Lord Tennysonâ€™s Idylls of the King and Other Poems, a collection of 12 narrative poems retelling the King Arthur legend published between 1856 and 1885. Tennysonâ€™s version was based primarily on two well-known medieval texts: Sir Thomas Maloryâ€™s Le Morte dâ€™Arthur and the Mabinogion. </text>
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                <text>Cameron, Julia Margaret</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1874</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20521">
                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20522">
                <text>Albumen-silver photograph, 33.4 x 27.2 cm;&#13;
Hyperlink</text>
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        <name>Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)</name>
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        <name>Le Morte dâ€™Arthur</name>
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