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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?View=LRG&amp;amp;IRN=100786"&gt;http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?View=LRG&amp;amp;IRN=100786&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>â€˜Inferno, canto XIII: The Forest of Suicidesâ€™ by Fiona Hall</text>
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                <text>Afterlife, allegory, art, artwork, birds, canto, Dante Alighieri, dogs, epic poem, forest, Giacomo of Santâ€™ Andrea, harpies, Hell, â€˜Illustrations to Danteâ€™s Divine Comedyâ€™, Inferno, journey, Lano, medieval literature, mastiffs, medieval world-view, modern art, Pier della Vigna (c.1190-1249), photograph, poem, punishment, sin, soul, suffering, The Divine Comedy, The Forest of the Suicides, The National Gallery, trees, underworld, Virgil, wounded.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This photographic artwork by Australian artist Fiona Hall belongs to a series titled &amp;lsquo;Illustrations to Dante&amp;rsquo;s Divine Comedy&amp;rsquo;. It is held by The National Gallery of Australia and depicts a scene from canto XIII of Dante Alighieri&amp;rsquo;s &amp;lsquo;Inferno&amp;rsquo;, the first part of his famous medieval Italian poem &lt;em&gt;The Divine Comedy&lt;/em&gt;. Written between 1308 and 1321,&lt;em&gt; The Divine Comedy&lt;/em&gt; tells of Dante&amp;rsquo;s journey through hell, purgatory and paradise respectively, guided at first by the Roman poet Virgil and then by his ideal woman, Beatrice. In canto XIII, Dante and Virgil descend into the second ring of the seventh circle of hell, where people who committed suicide were cast. They come across a thorny, tangled forest of gnarled trees that bleed and cry in pain when they are broken. One of the trees, who identifies himself as Pier della Vigna, a prominent figure at the imperial court of Frederick II, explains to Dante that people like himself who committed suicide were sent by Minos to the wood where they would grow into trees, all the while being wounded by harpies (half woman/half-bird creatures) who would tear and feast on their leaves. They are then disturbed by the sight of two figures running frantically through the forest. The slower of the two, subsequently identified as Giacomo of Sant&amp;rsquo; Andrea, takes refuge in a bush, only to be pounced upon by a number of black female mastiffs who &amp;lsquo;rent him piecemeal&amp;rsquo;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For an English translation of &amp;lsquo;Inferno, canto XIII&amp;rsquo;, translated by the Rev. H. F. Cary, see: &lt;a href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dante/d19he/canto13.html"&gt;http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dante/d19he/canto13.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Fiona Margaret Hall</text>
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                <text>The National Gallery of Australia</text>
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                <text>The National Gallery of Australia</text>
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                <text>1988</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The National Gallery of Australia</text>
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                <text>Photograph, 53.3cm x 61.5cm.</text>
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        <name>â€˜Illustrations to Danteâ€™s Divine Comedyâ€™</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/169.1984/" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/169.1984/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>â€˜The Marriage of the Arnolfini â€“ After Jan van Eyckâ€™ by Fiona Hall</text>
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                <text>art, artwork, Bruges, Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini, insert, Jan van Eyck, marriage, merchant, modern art, New South Wales, NSW, photograph, portrait, The Arnolfini Portrait, The National Gallery, wedding.</text>
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                <text>This photographic artwork by Australian artist Fiona Hall was purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1984. In the photograph Hall has reconstructed her own version of the scene from medieval Dutch painter Jan van Eyckâ€™s famous 1434 oil painting, â€œThe Arnolfini Portraitâ€, by transposing the figures into a modern setting and replacing their faces. At the bottom of the frame is an insert of the original painting by Jan van Eyck. The figures in van Eyckâ€™s painting are believed to be those of Gionvanni di Nicolao Arnolfini, a fifteenth-century Italian merchant living in the Flemish town of Bruges, and his wife. </text>
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                <text>Fiona Margaret Hall</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1980</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
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                <text>Photograph, 28cm x 35.5cm.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;To view this image,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;1. Go to: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;2. Search by artist or title.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>'St Francis beaten by his Father', by Arthur Boyd</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>art, Assisi, beating, business, Catholicism, Christianity, church, cloth merchant, drawing, family, father, Francis of Assisi, Franciscan Order, modern art, patrimony, poverty, preacher, preaching, religious order, repairs, saint, Saint Francis of Assisi, San Damiano, St Francis of Assisi, The Poor Clares, violence, work.</text>
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                <text>This work by Arthur Boyd was acquired by the Art Gallery of South Australia in 1969 with funds from the Morgan Thomas Bequest. It depicts St Francis of Assisi being beaten by his father, who is known to have objected to Francisâ€™ religious inclinations and specifically to have reprimanded him for selling cloth from his shop to fund church repairs. St Francis (Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone) was born in Assisi around 1181. After an adolescence spent learning his fatherâ€™s cloth business and aspiring to be a noble knight, he received his religious calling in his twenties when he was praying at San Damiano and heard Christ telling him to repair the church. Following a dispute with his father after selling cloth to raise money for the task, Francis returned every stitch of clothing his father had ever given him and renounced his patrimony. He turned to a life of poverty and religious work. He founded the Franciscan Order, a religious order devoted to poverty, work and preaching, which was authorised by Pope Innocent III in 1210 and quickly grew in popularity from a few followers to a large network of Franciscan preachers and missionaries (administered by Cardinal Ugolini, later Pope Gregory IX) and an enclosed order for women, The Poor Clares. In 1224 St Francis received the stigmata. He died in 1226, and was pronounced a saint only two years later by Pope Gregory IX. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Arthur Boyd, 1920-1999</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29436">
                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1965</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia, with permission of the Bundanon Trust</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Lithograph on Paper, 47.9cm x 60.3cm</text>
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        <name>Church</name>
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      <tag tagId="5761">
        <name>cloth merchant</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3503">
        <name>drawing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5598">
        <name>family</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5762">
        <name>father</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5746">
        <name>Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5763">
        <name>Franciscan Order</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5747">
        <name>modern art</name>
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      <tag tagId="5764">
        <name>patrimony</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5749">
        <name>poverty</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5759">
        <name>preacher</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5750">
        <name>preaching</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1462">
        <name>religious order</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5765">
        <name>repairs</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1767">
        <name>saint</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5751">
        <name>Saint Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5766">
        <name>San Damiano</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5471">
        <name>St Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5758">
        <name>The Poor Clares</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2519">
        <name>violence</name>
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      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>work</name>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34458">
                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34459">
                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="29422">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.michaelgalovic.com/Pop/StFrancis.html" target="_self"&gt;http://www.michaelgalovic.com/Pop/StFrancis.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29414">
                <text>â€˜St Francis and the Birdsâ€™, by Michael Galovic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29415">
                <text>Animals, art, Assisi, Bevagna, birds, Cardinal Ugolini, Catholicism, Christianity, Francis of Assisi, Franciscan, Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone, icon, iconography, modern art, Pope Gregory IX, Pope Innocent III, Portiuncula, poverty, preacher, preaching, religious art, religious order, saint, Saint Francis of Assisi, St Francis of Assisi, The Little Flowers of St Francis, The Poor Clares, work, â€˜new iconsâ€™.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29416">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;This artwork by Yugoslavian-Australian artist Michael Galovic depicts St Francis of Assisi, the thirteenth-century religious reformer, preaching to birds in his characteristic brown habit. It is an example of the artist&amp;rsquo;s modern religious artwork in which he seeks to create new versions of traditional icons, often featuring medieval figures such as St Francis or Hildegard of Bingen (see &lt;a href="http://www.michaelgalovic.com/galleryintro.html" target="_self"&gt;http://www.michaelgalovic.com/galleryintro.html&lt;/a&gt;). St Francis (Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone) was born in Assisi around 1181 to a wealthy cloth merchant. Following a dispute with his father in his twenties, he returned every stitch of clothing his father had ever given him and turned to a life of poverty and religious work, particularly by helping to rebuild churches. He founded the Franciscan Order, a religious order devoted to poverty, work and preaching, which was authorised by Pope Innocent III in 1210 and quickly grew in popularity from a few followers to a large network of Franciscan preachers and missionaries (administered by Cardinal Ugolini, later Pope Gregory IX) and an enclosed order for women, The Poor Clares. In 1224 St Francis received the stigmata. He died in 1226 and only two years later he was pronounced a saint by Pope Gregory IX. Among many well-known stories about St Francis and animals is the scene depicted in this painting, which is described in &lt;em&gt;The Little Flowers of St Francis&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;So solace-filled he left them, and full well,&lt;br /&gt;To penitence disposed, and, parting thence,&lt;br /&gt;Betwixt Carmano and Bevagna came. &lt;br /&gt;And, ardently as ever journeying on, &lt;br /&gt;He raised his eyes and certain trees beheld &lt;br /&gt;Fast by the way-side, on whose boughs were perched &lt;br /&gt;A multitude of birds innumerable, &lt;br /&gt;So that Saint Francis was amazed thereat, &lt;br /&gt;And said to his companions: &amp;ldquo;In the road &lt;br /&gt;Ye shall await me here, whole I go preach &lt;br /&gt;Unto the birds my sisters&amp;rdquo;: and he went &lt;br /&gt;Within the field, and to the birds &amp;lsquo;gan preach &lt;br /&gt;That on the ground were sitting; and at once &lt;br /&gt;Those that were on the trees did come to him,&lt;br /&gt;And, one and all, stayed motionless until &lt;br /&gt;Saint Francis had done preaching, and e&amp;rsquo;en then&lt;br /&gt;Departed not till he had given them &lt;br /&gt;His Benediction.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(James Rhoades, &lt;em&gt;The Little Flowers of St Francis: Rendered into English Verse&lt;/em&gt;, London, 1904, pp.88-89).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29417">
                <text>Michael Galovic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29418">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.michaelgalovic.com" target="_self"&gt;http://www.michaelgalovic.com&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29419">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29420">
                <text>Michael Galovic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29421">
                <text>Gessoed board, with egg tempera and gold leaf, mixed technique assemblage, 100cm x 70cm</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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      <tag tagId="5753">
        <name>â€˜new iconsâ€™</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="734">
        <name>Animals</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="575">
        <name>art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="952">
        <name>Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5745">
        <name>Bevagna</name>
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      <tag tagId="4297">
        <name>birds</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5754">
        <name>Cardinal Ugolini</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="67">
        <name>Catholicism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="227">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5746">
        <name>Francis of Assisi</name>
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        <name>Francsciscan</name>
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      <tag tagId="5756">
        <name>Giovanni Francesco do Bernadone</name>
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      <tag tagId="4098">
        <name>icon</name>
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      <tag tagId="3231">
        <name>iconography</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5747">
        <name>modern art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5755">
        <name>Pope Gregory IX</name>
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      <tag tagId="3402">
        <name>Pope Innocent III</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5748">
        <name>Portiuncula</name>
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      <tag tagId="5749">
        <name>poverty</name>
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        <name>preacher</name>
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        <name>preaching</name>
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        <name>religious art</name>
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      <tag tagId="1462">
        <name>religious order</name>
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      <tag tagId="1767">
        <name>saint</name>
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      <tag tagId="5751">
        <name>Saint Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5471">
        <name>St Francis of Assisi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5752">
        <name>The Little Flowers of St Francis</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5758">
        <name>The Poor Clares</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>work</name>
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