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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mickjoffe.com/H.R.H._Prince_Leonard" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.mickjoffe.com/H.R.H._Prince_Leonard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Interview with H.R.H Prince Leonard I, from Mick Joffeâ€™s Endangered Characters of Australia</text>
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                <text>Astronomy, Australian government, Bill of Rights, constitutional law, H.R.H Prince Leonard I, H.R.H. Princess Shirley, heraldry, Hutt River Province, independent sovereign state, Indiana University, knight, knighthood, law, legal principle, Leonard I, Leonard George Casley (b.1925), Magna Carta, medieval law, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), parliament, peerage, physics, Principality of Hutt River, regalia, Royal College of heraldry, secession, WA, Western Australia, Wheat Quota</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;An interview and caricature of H.R.H. Prince Leonard I of Hutt River wearing his royal regalia, by Australian caricaturist Mick Joffe. The Principality of Hutt River is located 595km north of Perth in Western Australia. It comprises an area of approximately 18, 500 acres of farmland and is ruled as an independent sovereign nation by Prince Leonard I and his wife Princess Shirley. Following a dispute over damaging new Wheat Quotas introduced by the Australian government in 1969, and subsequent laws to enforce them, WA farmer Leonard George Casley seceded from Australia in April 1970. He based his legal argument for secession on a number of legal principles and laws, including medieval laws such as Magna Carta, the Statute of Westminster and the 1496 Treason Act. As he explains to Mick Joffe during this interview, &amp;ldquo;The Government had no right to take anyone&amp;rsquo;s ability to make a living or to take their land without compensation. These rights Australia inherited from the Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta&amp;rdquo;. Prince Leonard also established his own College of Heraldry in the Principality of Hutt River, and estimates that (as of 1995) he had bestowed approximately 200 peerages and knighthoods. For more on the Principality of Hutt River or the Royal College of Heraldry, see: &lt;a href="http://www.hutt-river-province.com/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.hutt-river-province.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, Prince Leonard I declares an ongoing interest in the science of gravity, relativity and physics, and established a Royal College of Advanced Research in the Principality of Hutt River. During this interview Joffe cites feedback that Casley received from the Department of Astronamy [sic] at Indiana University in 1963 regarding papers he published on Relativity and the Solar system. The letter suggests that he may have &amp;ldquo;made the first fundamental contribution in this field since Copernicus&amp;rdquo; (For a copy of this letter, see R.C. Hyslop, &lt;em&gt;The Man: His Royal Highness Prince Leonard, &amp;nbsp;Sovereign of the Hutt River Province Principality (An Independent Sovereign State),&lt;/em&gt; Publication Printers, West Perth, [1979], p.12). Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of cosmology whereby the sun remains stationary and is orbited by the Earth. Copernicus is often credited with starting the Scientific Revolution.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Mick Joffe Caricatures: &lt;a href="http://www.mickjoffe.com/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.mickjoffe.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Interview 1995; online publication 2010</text>
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                <text>Â© Mick Joffe</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Commoners Invoked Magna Carta</text>
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                <text>Administrative system, Archbishop Stephen Langton, barons, boroughs, British Commonwealth, Bruton School, Charter, church, cities, commoners, commonwealth, Crown, crusades, feudal system, free trial, Great Charter (1215), human rights, inspeximus copy, judicial system, justice, King John (r.1199-1216), law, legal judgement, liberty, Library Committee, Lincoln Cathedral, Magna Carta, medieval law, medieval people, merchants, National Library, parliament, Professor Murdoch, rights, Robert Fitzwalter (d.1235), subjects, towns, trial by ordeal, United States, villein, weights and measures, William de Braioise</text>
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                <text>In this article rebutting criticisms levelled at the Australian Government for its decision to purchase an inspeximus copy (1297) of Magna Carta in 1952, the author begins by reminding readers that the important medieval document would be placed on display in the National Library, where it could be viewed by members of the public. He goes on to explain the significance of Magna Carta, stating that it did not function merely to protect the rights of barons as was often thought, but also those of â€˜the Church, merchants, cities, towns and boroughsâ€™. Additionally, he continues, it set up a judicial and administrative system and established precedents to guarantee the liberty of all subjects. Examples are then provided to support the authorâ€™s claim that medieval people recognised the wider remit of Magna Carta, including that of a villein who invoked the Charter to sue a Prior and a tenantâ€™s widow who invoked it against an Earl.</text>
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                <text>13 September 1952, p 2.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>In 1952, the Australian government paid Â£15,600 to secure the purchase of an inspeximus copy of Magna Carta from the reign of Edward I. This document confirmed and re-issued the main provisions of the Great Charter signed by King John in 1215, and was enacted by parliament in 1297. This article in The West Australian informs readers of the documentâ€™s arrival in Sydney and of plans to transfer it to Canberra the following day, where it would be housed in the National Library. Some additional details are provided about the acquisition, including information that it was purchased from Kingâ€™s School in Bruton, that it is one of only two copies, and that it is written in Latin on a vellum skin measuring 20x16.5 inches.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection traces the development of academic medievalism in Australiaâ€™s universities, and explores the disciplineâ€™s complex ideological affiliations. In this Collection you will find items relating to: the medievalist content of educational programmes, such as examples of university unit outlines; the teaching of the medieval through processes of medievalism, such as in demonstrations of medieval cooking or fighting techniques; and references to the medieval in modern educational debates and contexts.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32886900" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32886900&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>On the seven hundred and twentieth anniversary of the first issue of Magna Carta (in 1215), this article in the Western Mail outlines the charterâ€™s significance for English history and notes that special lessons had been delivered in Australian State high schools in recognition of its importance. The article begins by suggesting that the Great Charter differed only in degree from the previous charters of Norman and Angevin Kings, but then goes on to draw particular attention to the Magna Cartaâ€™s role in outlining the mutual obligations of the King and his feudal vassals, in removing weirs from rivers to facilitate inland transport, and in affording to all classes of freemen the right to a fair trial. The article also describes the location and state of the four surviving copies of the charter bearing the Great Seal of King John, including two in the British Museum and one each in the Lincoln and Salisbury Cathedrals.</text>
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