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                <text>Eight Hour Procession 1901, Sydney</text>
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                <text>Eight-Hours Day, Sydney, Labour Movement, Trade Unions, carnival, Trade Union, trade unionism, procession, parade, processions, parades, â€˜Merrie Englandâ€™, craft guild, guild, guilds, craft, medieval origins of eight-hours day, carnival, Professor J.E. Thorold Rogers, Agincourt, Poitiers, Golden age of labour, labour, labourer, work, worker, workers, labourers, Charles Jardyne Don, stonemasons; King Alfred as originator of eight hours rest, sleep and recreation, Toothâ€™s brewery, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW</text>
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                <text>The writer credits the craft guilds of medieval England for the eight-hour system, including the Saturday half-holiday. The latter was supposed to be devoted to archery practice, which eventually ensured English mastery of the bow and arrow and their successes at Agincourt and Poitiers. Later in the article, King Alfred is cited as the originator of the divided day: sleep, work and recreation.&#13;
&#13;
Although the eight-hour movement was won in Melbourne in 1856 after the stonemasons working on the construction of the University of Melbourne marched to the Government House, the writer asserts that it was won in Sydney in 1855 for the Toothâ€™s brewery workers.</text>
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                <text>O'Sullivan, R.W.</text>
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                <text>7 May 1901</text>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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                <text>Establishing the Commonwealth Culture: A Distinctly Australian Event</text>
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                <text>This article written by the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 2010 displays a collection of primary source materials pertaining to the Australian Federation Parade in Sydney in 1901. Of particular interest are the groups of people present at/participating in the parade. E.g. the Oddfellows, the Ancient Order of Druids, the Irish National Foresters, mounted police, a squadron of Lancers, the Australian Holy Catholic Guild, trade unionists bearing an 'Eight Hour' banner.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also of interest is the poem extracted from the Left-wing Melbourne newspaper, &lt;em&gt;The Tocsin&lt;/em&gt;, which, through the use of medieval imagery, laments the end of Victorian economic autonomy.&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16311">
                <text>Australian Broadcasting Commission, 2010</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10462/deriv/124526"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/10462/deriv/124526&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Meatworkers in the Labor Day March in Toowoomba</text>
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                <text>Procession halted in front of the Toowoomba Hall. Labor Day parade celebrates the eight hour working day. Processions with banners were a feature of the later medieval period. The metalworkers' banner has a medieval predecessor in the banners used by guilds (an association of craftsmen in the same trade), with each guild having a banner to show their trade.</text>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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                <text>State Library of Queensland</text>
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                <text>ca. 1910</text>
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                <text>John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland</text>
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        <name>worker</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="903">
        <name>workers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="502">
        <name>working class</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
