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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>The Term â€˜Blockheadâ€™</text>
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                <text>This newspaper article from the Sydney Morning Herald dates the colloquialism â€˜blockheadâ€™ to the eighteenth century, when hats became popular and every man would have a block for his hat. The custom of tipping oneâ€™s hat as a courtesy, however, it suggests originated much earlier. This the author dates to the medieval period, when knights removed their helmets to indicate friendly intent. </text>
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                <text>Morris dancers performing a version of the folk dance at the Perth Medieval Fayre in Western Australia. The style of the dance is derived from the English villages of the Cotswolds and is characterised by groups of six men dressed in white clothing with coloured baldricks, bell pads and flower-covered hats dancing in formation. The dancers also frequently make use of handkerchiefs and sticks in this form of morris dance. The origins of morris dancing are subject to debate, with some scholars arguing that it developed from a pagan fertility ritual, and others arguing that it originated in the medieval period. Scholars involved in collating references to morris dancing for the â€˜Early Morris Projectâ€™ have suggested that the earliest written reference is in two English wills dated 1458 (see John Forrest and Michael Heaney, â€˜Charting Early Morrisâ€™ in Folk Music Journal, vol.6, no.2, 1991, pp.169-186). Morris dancing has also frequently been linked to the month of May and the dancing and festivities that took place around the maypole.&#13;
&#13;
The Perth Medieval Fayre is organised and run by the Western Australian Medieval Alliance. In 2011 it was held at Supreme Court Gardens on 19 March. Enthusiasts and vendors showcased a range of medieval arts and crafts, from dancing, calligraphy and lace-making to demonstrations of the techniques, weaponry and apparel of medieval combat.</text>
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                <text>Morris dancers performing a version of the folk dance at the Perth Medieval Fayre in Western Australia. The style of the dance is derived from the English villages of the Cotswolds and is characterised by groups of six men dressed in white clothing with coloured baldricks, bell pads and flower-covered hats dancing in formation. The dancers also frequently make use of handkerchiefs and sticks in this form of morris dance. The origins of morris dancing are subject to debate, with some scholars arguing that it developed from a pagan fertility ritual, and others arguing that it originated in the medieval period. Scholars involved in collating references to morris dancing for the â€˜Early Morris Projectâ€™ have suggested that the earliest written reference is in two English wills dated 1458 (see John Forrest and Michael Heaney, â€˜Charting Early Morrisâ€™ in Folk Music Journal, vol.6, no.2, 1991, pp.169-186). Morris dancing has also frequently been linked to the month of May and the dancing and festivities that took place around the maypole.&#13;
&#13;
The Perth Medieval Fayre is organised and run by the Western Australian Medieval Alliance. In 2011 it was held at Supreme Court Gardens on 19 March. Enthusiasts and vendors showcased a range of medieval arts and crafts, from dancing, calligraphy and lace-making to demonstrations of the techniques, weaponry and apparel of medieval combat.</text>
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                <text>Morris Dancers at the Perth Medieval Fayre</text>
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                <text>baldricks, bell pads, Cotswolds, custom, dance, dance troupe, dancers, dancing, â€˜early Morris Projectâ€™, festivity, flowers, Folk dance, handkerchief, hat, May, maypole, medieval festivities, medieval recreation, morris dancing, Perth, Perth Medieval Fayre, re-creation, recreation, sticks, traditional dance, Western Australia, WA</text>
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                <text>Morris dancers performing a version of the folk dance at the Perth Medieval Fayre in Western Australia. The style of the dance is derived from the English villages of the Cotswolds and is characterised by groups of six men dressed in white clothing with coloured baldricks, bell pads and flower-covered hats dancing in formation. The dancers also frequently make use of handkerchiefs and sticks in this form of morris dance. The origins of morris dancing are subject to debate, with some scholars arguing that it developed from a pagan fertility ritual, and others arguing that it originated in the medieval period. Scholars involved in collating references to morris dancing for the â€˜Early Morris Projectâ€™ have suggested that the earliest written reference is in two English wills dated 1458 (see John Forrest and Michael Heaney, â€˜Charting Early Morrisâ€™ in Folk Music Journal, vol.6, no.2, 1991, pp.169-186). Morris dancing has also frequently been linked to the month of May and the dancing and festivities that took place around the maypole.&#13;
&#13;
The Perth Medieval Fayre is organised and run by the Western Australian Medieval Alliance. In 2011 it was held at Supreme Court Gardens on 19 March. Enthusiasts and vendors showcased a range of medieval arts and crafts, from dancing, calligraphy and lace-making to demonstrations of the techniques, weaponry and apparel of medieval combat.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text> Abbot, Benedictine monks, Benedictines, Catholic, Coat of Arms, crosier, cross, ecclesiastical heraldry, external ornaments, galero, hat, heraldry, insignia, lion, mitre, monastery, monasticism, monks, New Norcia, Order of St Benedict, patriarchal cross, pontifical hat, religious house, shield, swan, St Benedict of Nursia, vestments. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;This coat of arms is displayed above the gates of  the New Norcia monastery. The pontifical hat at the top, called a  galero, has been a common motif in ecclesiastical heraldry since the  fifteenth century. As a vestment, the galero dates to c.1245, when red  hats were bestowed upon cardinals by Innocent IV. In heraldry it is used  to symbolise church hierarchy; different colours and numbers of tassels  denote different offices. The 6 tassels on either side of the shield in  the New Norcia coat of arms signify that the monastery is overseen by a  bishop. The mitre hat below the galero is the insignia of bishops and  abbots. In this case, it most likely refers to the fact that the  monastery is presided over by an abbot. Behind the shield, a cross and  crosier in saltire are also common external ornaments on ecclesiastical  coats of arms. On the shield itself, symbols identify the building as a  religious house (the all-seeing eye with a cross and the word &amp;ldquo;fides&amp;rdquo;)  and a male Benedictine community (the patriarchal cross bearing the  Benedictine motto &amp;ldquo;pax&amp;rdquo;). The swan is emblematic of its location in  Western Australia. For more on ecclesiastical heraldry, see Bruno  Bernard Heim, &lt;em&gt;Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origins, Customs and Laws, &lt;/em&gt;(Van Duren, Buckinghamshire, 1978).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About New Norcia:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
New  Norcia is a monastic town located 132 km north of Perth in Western  Australia. The town is owned and run by a community of Benedictine monks  and houses one of only three Benedictine monasteries (for men) in  Australia. At its height the monastery housed approximately 80 monks,  but currently there are only seven in residence. The Benedictines are  part of a religious order within the Catholic Church known as the Order  of St Benedict (OSB). Benedictines live in small, largely autonomous  communities and base their way of life on the Rule of St Benedict, which  prioritises a balance of prayer and work and calls for promises of  stability, obedience and a conversion of life. The first Benedictine  community was established in the sixth century in Italy by St Benedict  of Nursia (c.480-547).&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Originally  intended as a mission to evangelise and educate the indigenous peoples  of the Victoria Plains, the site at New Norcia was founded in 1847 by  two Spanish Benedictine missionaries, Dom Jos&amp;eacute; Benito Serra and Dom  Rosendo Salvado. Serra&amp;rsquo;s involvement in the missionary activities at new  Norcia decreased following his appointment as Co-adjutor Bishop of  Perth in 1849, while Salvado (1814-1900) committed himself wholly to  developing the mission and leading the monastic community. He  subsequently became the key figure in the first 50 years of New Norcia&amp;rsquo;s  history. He made numerous fundraising trips to Europe, which provided  him with the means to purchase books, vestments, artwork and equipment  for the community and also to oversee the construction of new buildings.  He died in Rome in 1900 and his body was returned to New Norcia. Under  Salvado&amp;rsquo;s successor, Bishop Fulgentius Torres (1861-1914), New Norcia  became more like a traditional monastic settlement. An increased focus  on education and artistic pursuits led to the establishment of two  schools and improvements to many of the town&amp;rsquo;s buildings. For more  information on New Norcia, see the New Norcia Benedictine Community  website: &lt;a href="http://newnorcia.wa.edu.au/" target="_blank"&gt;http://newnorcia.wa.edu.au/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <name>external ornaments</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="762">
        <name>galero</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="763">
        <name>hat</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="362">
        <name>heraldry</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="764">
        <name>insignia</name>
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      <tag tagId="200">
        <name>lion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="765">
        <name>mitre</name>
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      <tag tagId="519">
        <name>monastery</name>
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      <tag tagId="528">
        <name>monasticism</name>
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      <tag tagId="689">
        <name>monks</name>
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      <tag tagId="518">
        <name>New Norcia</name>
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      <tag tagId="691">
        <name>Order of St Benedict</name>
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      <tag tagId="766">
        <name>patriarchal cross</name>
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      <tag tagId="767">
        <name>pontifical hat</name>
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      <tag tagId="768">
        <name>religious house</name>
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      <tag tagId="723">
        <name>shield</name>
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      <tag tagId="692">
        <name>St Benedict of Nursia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="769">
        <name>Swan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="770">
        <name>vestments.</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
