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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10"&gt;http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Launceston Aldermen</text>
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                <text>Aldermen, Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Beowulf, Byrhtnoth, council, councillors, county, ealdorman, government, Launceston, Lindisfarne Gospels, local government, Old English, shire, Tas, Tasmania, website.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;While most local government councils in Australia are presided over by a mayor and councillors, Launceston City Council in Tasmania has a mayor and aldermen. This has been the case since the first election of alderman to the council in 1853, which were the first local government elections held in Van Diemen&amp;rsquo;s Land (Tasmania). Alderman comes from the Old English term ealdorman, literally &amp;lsquo;old man&amp;rsquo;. They were high ranking royal officials in charge of a shire or county and its army until the term began to be superseded by eorl (earl), probably from Old Norse jarl, from the late tenth-century. The term ealdorman appears in such Anglo-Saxon texts as Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the Lindisfarne Gospels. Perhaps the most famous ealdorman was Ealdorman Byrhtnoth of Essex who lost the battle of Maldon to a Viking army in 991.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For a list of current aldermen see &lt;a href="http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10"&gt;http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>â€˜Gratuitous Pugnacityâ€™, The Bulletin, 3 March 1888.</text>
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                <text>Colonies, debt, Federation, free trade, government, internal debts, knight, Knight Henry, Phil May (1864-1903), Sir Henry Parkes, NSW Politics</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"&gt;Cartoonist Phil May here encapsulates the main problems of a premature pitch by NSW for Australian Federation. The doughty knight (Sir Henry) is ready to do battle with &amp;lsquo;all and sundry,&amp;rsquo; for he needs to pay off (or perhaps unload the responsibility of) his debts. The symbols of his fiscal carelessness are daubed on his surcoat and shield. This was a sticking point in the Federation debate, where the difficult question &amp;ldquo;Who would take responsibility for the unequal debts and liabilities of the [other] colonies?&amp;rdquo; frequently arose (See Beverley Kingston, &lt;em&gt;The Oxford History of Australia: Glad, Confident Morning 1860-1900&lt;/em&gt;, vol. 3, Oxford: OUP, 1993, p. 56). Indeed, this question was still being debated at the 1910 elections (See, for example: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15142572" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15142572&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;). While Sir Henry is keen to push forward, the female figure in the cartoon - &amp;lsquo;That State House&amp;rsquo; - wears mourning black and remains unconvinced, for it is she who will have to find the money and manage things should the need arise. The State House in question is most likely the Senate, the then much debated Upper House of the projected Federal Parliament (See R. C. Baker, &lt;em&gt; Federation&lt;/em&gt;, Adelaide: Scrymgour &amp;amp; Sons, 1897, p. 4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Bulletin</text>
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                <text>3 March 1888 (p. 13)</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-AU"&gt;&lt;a href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/12368662/medieval-mental-health-service-to-be-modernised/" target="_blank"&gt;http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/12368662/medieval-mental-health-service-to-be-modernised/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This article by Angela Pownall appeared in the online version of The West Australian newspaper. It reports on State Government legislation aimed at modernising the Western Australian mental health system. The existing system is described as being â€˜medievalâ€™ and â€˜archaicâ€™, suggesting that the two terms are synonymous.</text>
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