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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Newspaper Article&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Untitled article: â€œthe medieval barbarities of our state criminal factoriesâ€</text>
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                <text>criminal justice, justice, crime, criminal, just, Fremantle, Fremantle prison, gaol, Geraldton Express, incarceration, imprisonment, innocence, medieval barbarity, parliamentary enquiry, penal system, prison, prison reform, prison sentence, punishment, reform, Royal Commission, violence, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>In the second half of this article, an excerpt from the Geraldton Express discussing the Royal Commission into the penal system in Western Australia is reprinted. The Commission, it asserts, had already succeeded in awaking public opinion to the need for reform and had led to the release of a number of innocent men from prison. In an attempt to emphasise the obsolete practices and inhumane punishments of the penal administration, the author associates them with the pre-modern past. The role of the Commission is described as being â€œto inquire into the Chamber of National Horrors at Fremantle and the medieval barbarities of our state criminal factoriesâ€.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32632366&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>West Australian Sunday Times</text>
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                <text>25 December 1898, p. 18.</text>
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                <text>West Australian Sunday Times</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>Newspaper articles;&#13;
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                <text>Extracts from the Melbourne Newspaper, The Argus</text>
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                <text>Ned Kelly, bushranger, bushrangers, bush, Kelly Gang, landscape, Australian landscape, law, legal, crime, criminal, legend, legends, myth, mythology, media, armour, knight, knights, police, Edward Kelly, theft, stealing, Melbourne</text>
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                <text>A series of extracts from The Argus ranging from 1878 to 1880. They tell of the Kelly Gang's exploits and their encounters with colonial Victorian law enforcement. A few of the extracts towards the end of the list include descriptions of the bullet-proof body armour and helmet worn by Ned Kelly during his final battle with police. Although much cruder, the armour was reminiscent of that worn by knights in the late medieval period.</text>
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                <text>The Argus</text>
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                <text>ca 1878 - 1880</text>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>A digital text sponsored by the University of Sydney Library, 2003</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0607421h.html#s1"&gt;http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0607421h.html#s1&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>A Voyage to Botany Bay, With a Description of the Country, Manners, Customs, Religion &amp;c. of the Natives.</text>
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                <text>George Barrington (1755 - 1804), George Barrington, convict, convicts, deportation, convict deportation, transportation, theft, attempted theft, crime, criminal, diamonds, Order of the Garter, Knights of the Garter, Australian custom, Australian customs, early Australia, early Australian customs, Botany Bay, Sydney, NSW, New South Wales, early settlement, colonisation, colonization, colonial, colonialism, colony</text>
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                <text>â€˜On page 9 of this text, an attempted theft of the diamonds of the Order of the Garter is detailed: On forming a connection with one Lowe, which was but a short time previous to that evening of the month of January, which is observed as the anniversary of the Queen's birth-day, it was resolved on between them, that, habited as a clergyman, Mr. Barrington should repair to Court, and there endeavour, not only to pick the pockets of some of the company, but, what was a much bolder, and a much more novel attempt, to cut off the diamond orders of some of the Knights of the Garter, Bath, and Thistle, who, on such days, usually wear the collars of their respective orders over their coats. In this enterprize he succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectations that could have been formed, by either his new accomplice Lowe or himself; for he found means to take the diamond order of Lord C--, with which he got away from St. James's perfectly unsuspected.'</text>
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                <text>Barrington, George</text>
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                <text>University of Sydney Library</text>
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                <text>London: C. Lowndes, 1795</text>
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                <text>1795</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>University of Sydney Library, 2003</text>
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        <name>attempted theft</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Medieval "Justice" Had Strange Ways</text>
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                <text>accused, barbarity,  criminal, criminality, crime, divine intervention, fire, guilt, innocence, justice, law, legal, medieval law, oath, ordeal, Ordeal by Fire, Ordeal by Water, punishment, water</text>
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                <text>This article from the Junior Argus section of Melbourne newspaper The Argus describes what the author regards as 'strange' methods for ascertaining guilt or innocence in the medieval past. Short of finding reputable people to swear to a personâ€™s innocence upon oath, the article outlines the three different methods used in trials by ordeal. In the Ordeal of Fire, it explains, an accused person was forced to hold a red hot brazier and guilt was determined by whether the hands healed or blistered within a matter of days. Sometimes boiling water was used instead of fire. Alternatively the accused was restrained and thrown into a pool of water, and guilt was determined by whether they sank or swam. The premise of these ordeals was that God would intervene to protect the innocent. The author of the article concludes by drawing modern parallels between these â€˜terribleâ€™ and â€˜unjustâ€™ medieval practices and the â€˜barbaricâ€™ methods of punishment that were still being used in some countries.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>5 October 1939</text>
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                <text>No Copyright</text>
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