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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Part one: &lt;a href="https://www.fringeworld.com.au/program/event/bbf12545-38c2-410f-9755-134f19d1a91b" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.fringeworld.com.au/program/event/bbf12545-38c2-410f-9755-134f19d1a91b&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Part Two: &lt;a href="https://www.fringeworld.com.au/program/event/feb24d25-d5e9-4c88-9db2-ef17e46a307c/" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.fringeworld.com.au/program/event/feb24d25-d5e9-4c88-9db2-ef17e46a307c/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>â€˜The Canterbury Tales: Part Oneâ€™ &amp; â€˜The Canterbury Tales: Part Twoâ€™, Perth Fringe Festival 2013</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Canterbury Cathedral, carpenter, comedy, court, death, drama, flood, flour miller, Fringe Festival, Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400), King Arthur, knight, KNUTS, maiden, medieval literature, medieval poetry, Medieval Romance, modern adaptation, old hag, performance, Perth, pilgrim, pilgrimage, Science Fiction, shrine, space, Stephen Lee, Stephen Quinn, &lt;em&gt;The Canterbury Tales&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;lsquo;The Franklin&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;The Merchant&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;The Miller&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;The Pardoner&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;The Reeve&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;The Wife of Bath&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, Thomas Becket, Victorian Melodrama, villain, vulcan, WA, Western, Western Australia.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This production by theatre company KNUTS is a modern adaptation of Geoffrey Chaucer&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;The Canterbury Tales&lt;/em&gt; in two parts. Adapted by Stephen Quinn and directed by Stephen Lee, it transposes stories from Chaucer&amp;rsquo;s original text into a variety of different genres, ranging from Western to silent film, Victorian melodrama and a Shakespearean version of a Medieval Romance. Part One includes renditions of &amp;lsquo;The Pardoner&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;The Miller&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo; and &amp;lsquo;The Reeve&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, and Part Two &amp;lsquo;The Franklin&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;, The Wife of Bath&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo; and &amp;lsquo;The Merchant&amp;rsquo;s Tale&amp;rsquo;. This production featured as part of the Perth Fringe Festival in 2013, where &amp;lsquo;The Canterbury Tales: Part One&amp;rsquo; was performed from 7 February to 13 February and &amp;lsquo;The Canterbury Tales: Part Two&amp;rsquo; was performed the following week from 14 February to 19 February 2013. A positive review of &amp;lsquo;The Canterbury Tales: Part Two&amp;rsquo; from &lt;em&gt;The West Australian&lt;/em&gt; can be read at: &lt;a href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/entertainment/a/-/entertainment/16159623/review-the-canterbury-tales-part-two/" target="_blank"&gt;http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/entertainment/a/-/entertainment/16159623/review-the-canterbury-tales-part-two/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In Chaucer&amp;rsquo;s original &lt;em&gt;The Canterbury Tales&lt;/em&gt;, written in the late fourteenth century, the narrator joins a group of 29 pilgrims who are about to set out on a journey from Southwark to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. He proposes that each member of the group tell two stories to entertain them on their journey, and proceeds to record each of these &amp;lsquo;tales&amp;rsquo;. The teller of the best story was to be rewarded with a free meal at the expense of the rest of the group.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Written by Geoffrey Chaucer&#13;
Adapted by Stephen Quinn&#13;
Directed by Stephen Lee&#13;
</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>FringeWorld Festival Website (&lt;a href="https://www.fringeworld.com.au/home/" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.fringeworld.com.au/home/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Part One: 7 February 2013 - 13 February 2013&#13;
Part Two: 14 February 2013 â€“ 19 February 2013&#13;
</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Fringe Festival &amp; KNUTS Theatre Company</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Performance in different genres, including Western, carry on film, silent movie, science fiction, â€˜mock Shakespeareâ€™, Victorian melodrama.</text>
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        <name>â€˜The Franklinâ€™s Taleâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜The Merchantâ€™s Taleâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜The Millerâ€™s Taleâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜The Pardonerâ€™s Taleâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜The Reeveâ€™s Taleâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜The Wife of Bathâ€™s Taleâ€™</name>
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        <name>Canterbury Cathedral</name>
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        <name>court</name>
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        <name>Fringe Festival</name>
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        <name>Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400)</name>
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        <name>King Arthur</name>
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        <name>knight</name>
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        <name>medieval literature</name>
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        <name>Medieval Romance</name>
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        <name>modern adaptation</name>
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        <name>Stephen Lee</name>
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        <name>Stephen Quinn</name>
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        <name>The Canterbury Tales</name>
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        <name>Thomas Becket</name>
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        <name>Victorian Melodrama</name>
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      <tag tagId="6270">
        <name>villain</name>
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        <name>vulcan</name>
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        <name>WA</name>
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        <name>Western</name>
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        <name>Western Australia</name>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/703/" target="_self"&gt;http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/703/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>â€˜Chaucer at the Court of Edward IIIâ€™, by Ford Madox Brown</text>
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                <text>Alice Perrers (1348-1400), anniversary, art, artwork, birthday, Black Prince (1330-1376), Court, Custance, Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), Edward III (1312-1377), English language, Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400), history painting, jester, John of Gaunt (1340-1399), knight, â€˜Legend of Custanceâ€™, Lute, palace of Sheen, poetry, Pre-Raphaelite, reading, royalty, troubadour.</text>
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                <text>This large oil on canvas history painting by Victorian artist Ford Madox Brown was purchased (directly from the artist) by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1876. Subtitled &amp;ldquo;Geoffrey Chaucer Reading the &amp;lsquo;Legend of Custance&amp;rsquo; to Edward III and his Court, at the Palace of Sheen, on the Anniversary of the Black Prince&amp;rsquo;s Forty-Fifth Birthday&amp;rdquo;, the painting depicts Geoffrey Chaucer reading aloud to King Edward III and his Court. In addition to Chaucer and Edward III, other fourteenth-century figures featured in the painting include the King&amp;rsquo;s two sons, Edward the Black Prince and John of Gaunt, and his mistress Alice Perrers. The figure of Chaucer has been modelled on the famous Pre-Raphaelite and Brown&amp;rsquo;s close friend, Dante Gabriel Rosetti. However, scholars have noted the lengths to which Brown went to ensure historical accuracy in both costuming and facial resemblances, which included consulting and purchasing antiquarian volumes on medieval furniture and dress and also visiting tombs and effigies (see, for example, Angela Thirwell, Tim Barringer &amp;amp; Laura MacCulloch, &lt;em&gt;Ford Madox Brown: The Unofficial Pre-Raphaelite&lt;/em&gt;, D. Giles, 2008). Chaucer was a common subject for Ford Madox Brown (and the nineteenth-century medieval revival more generally) on account of his prominent role in popularising the English language (over French and Latin) and his widely-held reputation as the &amp;lsquo;Father of English poetry&amp;rsquo;. This enabled the Victorians, Velma Bourgeois Richmond has argued, to revere him as a Protestant hero, because &amp;ldquo;the development of the English language was crucial to breaking the hold of the Catholic Church by the clergy and to the formation of national identity&amp;rdquo; (Velma Bourgeois Richmond, &amp;ldquo;Ford Madox Brown&amp;rsquo;s Protestant Medievalism: Chaucer and Wycliffe&amp;rdquo;, &lt;em&gt;Christianity and Literature&lt;/em&gt;, Vol.54, Issue 3, Spring 2005, p.366). The image was originally designed as the central panel in a triptych entitled &lt;em&gt;The Seeds and Fruits of English Poetry&lt;/em&gt;, and was to be flanked by portraits of famous poets such as Milton, Spenser, Shakespeare and Burns.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Ford Madox Brown</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1847-1851</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Oil on Canvas, 372cm x 296cm</text>
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        <name>â€˜Legend of Custanceâ€™</name>
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        <name>Alice Perrers (1348-1400)</name>
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        <name>Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)</name>
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        <name>Edward III (1312-1377)</name>
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        <name>Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400)</name>
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        <name>palace of Sheen</name>
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        <name>Pre-Raphaelite</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Kryal Castle, castle, crenelation, drawbridge, gate, Kryal Castle, moat, porticullis, Keith Ryall, tourism, tower, battlements, leisure, recreation, re-creation, entertainment, functions, Ballarat, Melbourne, VIC, Victoria, dwarf, dwarves, little people, imp, royal court, court, royalty, royal, jester, statue, figure</text>
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                <text>An image of the 'Kryal Castle Dwarf' behind glass at Kryal Castle in Ballarat, Victoria. According to the description alongside the figure, the Kryal Castle Dwarf was inspired by the medieval period, when "little people...traveled from Court to Court, Castle to Castle" as entertainers for the Royal Court.&#13;
&#13;
About Kryal Castle:&#13;
Kryal Castle is a tourist attraction located 8km from Ballarat in Victoria. Described as â€˜Australiaâ€™s unique medieval castleâ€™, Kryal Castle can also be hired for weddings, conferences, functions, and special events. It was built in 1972 and opened in 1974 by Keith Ryall. Its medieval architectural features include crenellation, a moat, and a defended gate with flanking towers, drawbridge and a porticullis. </text>
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                <text>Image used with the permission of N. Jeffrey</text>
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        <name>entertainment</name>
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        <name>figure</name>
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        <name>Kryal Castle</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; color: #000000; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;National Library of Australia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32493762" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32493762&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Distinctions</text>
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                <text>bench, church court, Cope, County Court, court, crime, criminal classes, criminal justice, criminal law, ecclesiastical court, General Sessions, judge, judiciary, judicial, justice, Kalgoorlie, law, legal profession, magistrate, Nolan, offence, punishment, Quinlan, religion, sentence, sessions, Skinner, tribunal, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>In this article from the Kalgoorlie Western Argus, an opening statement about the strength and integrity of the County Court bench in 1900 is contrasted with comments about the incompetence of former members of the judiciary. Four judges are identified as having been â€˜lame ducksâ€™, the worst of whom was a man named Quinlan. He, the author suggests â€œwas more fitted for an ecclesiastical medieval tribunal than a secular modern courtâ€ because he allowed his religious zeal to influence his decisions, sentencing a defendant who stole from a church with much more severity that one who stole from a private dwelling. â€œThese distinctions between the house of God and that of plain Bill Smith may be acceptable in older countriesâ€, the article continues, â€œbut not in this new landâ€. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9942">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9943">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Kalgoorlie Western Argus</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>17 May 1900, p. 25.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9946">
                <text>Kalgoorlie Western Argus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9947">
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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        <name>court</name>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9f43951176a5f637bef572ee8c33638b.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="34461">
                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Digitised Newspaper Article. National Library of Australia, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58388271" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58388271&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Men Call Me a Fool"</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8397">
                <text>Adonis, book, book review, books, court, duchess, fool, Francis I (1494-1547), hunchback, king, literature, medieval France, nobles, professional fool, review, tragedy, troubadour</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This article provides a short review of Dan  Totheroh&amp;rsquo;s historical novel &amp;ldquo;Men Call me Fool&amp;rdquo;,  published by Selwyn and Blount in 1929. Set in fourteenth-century  France at the court of King Francis I, the plot centres on a  professional fool and a youthful duchess who falls in love with him.  Although professional fools were common in medieval courtly  circles, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;the reviewer tells the reader, &amp;ldquo;mostly they were hunchbacks or deformed, but this one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; was an Adonis&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;, and also a troubadour. Summing up, the reviewer  concludes that &amp;ldquo;There is a good deal of the atmosphere of the times and  much that is realistic in the lives of these professional fools&amp;rdquo; and  &amp;ldquo;the characterisation of the sensual king and  his nobles is convincing&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;To access a copy of this novel, see &lt;a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b312683" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b312683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;National Library of Australia, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58388271" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58388271&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
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                <text>13 October 1929, p. 29.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8403">
                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8405">
                <text>English</text>
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        <name>Francis I (1494-1547)</name>
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        <name>review</name>
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                <text>A poem featured in The Hobart Town Gazette and Van Diemen's Land Advertiser, which conforms to lyrical and bardic poetic traditions. It has medieval and classical undertones in both style and language. </text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>6 May 1825, p. 4</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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        <name>bard</name>
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        <name>court</name>
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        <name>courtly poetry</name>
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        <name>lyric</name>
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        <name>lyric poet</name>
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        <name>lyrical</name>
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      <tag tagId="2336">
        <name>lyrical poet</name>
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        <name>medieval</name>
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        <name>medieval undertones</name>
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        <name>poem</name>
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        <name>poems</name>
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        <name>poet</name>
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        <name>song</name>
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        <name>Tasmania</name>
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        <name>troubadour</name>
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        <name>war</name>
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        <name>warrior</name>
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        <name>warriors</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/digby/dg-aof.htm"&gt;http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/digby/dg-aof.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Ancient Order of Foresters Hall, Digby, Victoria.</text>
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                <text>Ancient Order of Foresters, Foresters, Friendly Society, Friendly Societies, Foresters Friendly Society, Digby, Victoria, hall, court, courts, Hamilton Spectator</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Link to photograph taken at the opening of the Ancient Order of Foresters Hall at Digby, Victoria in September 1873. The link also provides extracts from the Hamilton Spectator regarding the establishment of the Hall. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;About the Ancient Order of Foresters:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The Ancient Order of Foresters originated in England in the mid-eighteenth century, with the first recorded Foresters meeting being held in Leeds in 1834. The 'Ancient Order'&amp;nbsp;in the friendly society's title probably refers to the medieval origins of foresters. The term entered Middle English via Old French and is first attested in English in 1297. A forester was an officer in charge of a forest, or of growing timber on an estate&amp;nbsp;(&lt;em&gt;Oxford English Dictionary&lt;/em&gt;).The Ancient Order of Foresters established its first branch (court) in Australia in Victoria in 1849.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The Foresters are a non-profit organisation. The principles of the society are founded on a desire to provide financial and social benefits as well as support to members and their families in times of unemployment, sickness, death, disability and old age. Consequently, the Foresters played a particularly active role in the lives of members and their families during the Depression and both World Wars.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Membership growth was significant during and up to the mid 1940's. At this stage the society had nearly one hundred courts located throughout Victoria, and had representation in all states of Australia. During this period funds raised by Foresters contributed to the construction of approximately twenty Foresters halls throughout the state. These facilities were utilised for meetings and community purposes and halls were used as refuges in times of trauma such as bushfires and floods.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In the post Second World War period membership began to decline as the social circumstances improved due to the growth of the economy and an abundance of work and improvement in the provision of government benefits. Although the importance of such groups as the Ancient Order of Foresters has declined in recent years, the society through a core of loyal and dedicated members, has never wavered from its original objectives and mission to "serve the community and deserving groups by involvement in social activities and fund raising for charities."&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.forestersfs.com.au/1history.html"&gt;http://www.forestersfs.com.au/1history.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;br id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " /&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15635">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15636">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/digby/dg-aof.htm"&gt;http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/digby/dg-aof.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15637">
                <text>The Hamilton Spectator</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15638">
                <text>September 1873</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15639">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/digby/dg-aof.htm"&gt;http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/digby/dg-aof.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15640">
                <text>Photograph</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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        <name>Ancient Order of Foresters</name>
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        <name>court</name>
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        <name>courts</name>
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        <name>Digby</name>
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      <tag tagId="884">
        <name>Foresters</name>
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        <name>Foresters Friendly Society</name>
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        <name>friendly society</name>
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        <name>Hamilton Spectator</name>
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        <name>Victoria</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14400">
                <text>Medieval "Justice" Had Strange Ways</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14401">
                <text>accused, barbarity,  criminal, criminality, crime, divine intervention, fire, guilt, innocence, justice, law, legal, medieval law, oath, ordeal, Ordeal by Fire, Ordeal by Water, punishment, water</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This article from the Junior Argus section of Melbourne newspaper The Argus describes what the author regards as 'strange' methods for ascertaining guilt or innocence in the medieval past. Short of finding reputable people to swear to a personâ€™s innocence upon oath, the article outlines the three different methods used in trials by ordeal. In the Ordeal of Fire, it explains, an accused person was forced to hold a red hot brazier and guilt was determined by whether the hands healed or blistered within a matter of days. Sometimes boiling water was used instead of fire. Alternatively the accused was restrained and thrown into a pool of water, and guilt was determined by whether they sank or swam. The premise of these ordeals was that God would intervene to protect the innocent. The author of the article concludes by drawing modern parallels between these â€˜terribleâ€™ and â€˜unjustâ€™ medieval practices and the â€˜barbaricâ€™ methods of punishment that were still being used in some countries.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14403">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14404">
                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11264482&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14405">
                <text>The Argus</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14406">
                <text>5 October 1939</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14407">
                <text>No Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Newspaper article</text>
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        <name>accused</name>
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        <name>Barbarity</name>
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      <tag tagId="992">
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      <tag tagId="1160">
        <name>criminality</name>
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        <name>divine intervention</name>
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        <name>guilt</name>
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        <name>innocence</name>
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        <name>justice</name>
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      <tag tagId="1031">
        <name>legal</name>
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        <name>medieval</name>
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      <tag tagId="548">
        <name>oath</name>
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      <tag tagId="3656">
        <name>ordeal</name>
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      <tag tagId="3657">
        <name>ordeal by fire</name>
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      <tag tagId="3658">
        <name>ordeal by water</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1161">
        <name>punish</name>
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      <tag tagId="112">
        <name>punishment</name>
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      <tag tagId="2365">
        <name>trial by ordeal</name>
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      <tag tagId="3661">
        <name>water</name>
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</itemContainer>
