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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10"&gt;http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Launceston Aldermen</text>
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                <text>Aldermen, Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Beowulf, Byrhtnoth, council, councillors, county, ealdorman, government, Launceston, Lindisfarne Gospels, local government, Old English, shire, Tas, Tasmania, website.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;While most local government councils in Australia are presided over by a mayor and councillors, Launceston City Council in Tasmania has a mayor and aldermen. This has been the case since the first election of alderman to the council in 1853, which were the first local government elections held in Van Diemen&amp;rsquo;s Land (Tasmania). Alderman comes from the Old English term ealdorman, literally &amp;lsquo;old man&amp;rsquo;. They were high ranking royal officials in charge of a shire or county and its army until the term began to be superseded by eorl (earl), probably from Old Norse jarl, from the late tenth-century. The term ealdorman appears in such Anglo-Saxon texts as Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the Lindisfarne Gospels. Perhaps the most famous ealdorman was Ealdorman Byrhtnoth of Essex who lost the battle of Maldon to a Viking army in 991.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For a list of current aldermen see &lt;a href="http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10"&gt;http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/?c=10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/bulk-handling_western-mail_26-december-1935_p51_2f4faef522.pdf</src>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>Newspaper Article:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38950206" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38950206&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Bulk Handling: Passage of Bill</text>
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                <text>amendments, Assembly, Bill, Bulk Handling Bill, clause 20, constitutional government, council, government, â€œGovernment Gazetteâ€, Governor, Houses of Parliament, Kingâ€™s representative, Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council, Ministerial Bench, Mr Ferguson, Mr Johnson, Mr Latham â€“ Leader of the Opposition, Mr Sleeman, Mr Troy â€“ Minister for Lands, Opposition, Order-in-Council, parliament, State Parliament, WA, Western Australia, Western Australian State Parliament, wheat, wheat handling</text>
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                <text>In 1935, a disagreement arose in the WA State Parliament over the implications of proposed amendments to the Bulk Handling Bill. In particular, concern was raised by Mr Latham, the Leader of the Opposition, that an amendment to Clause 20 would invest the Governor with the authority to change its terms and conditions, and would essentially give the Kingâ€™s representative an unprecedented power to vary legislation after it was passed by the two Houses of Parliament. In response to a rebuttal by Mr Troy that the Kingâ€™s representative would only act on the advice of his ministers, this newspaper article cites Mr Latham as saying the Minister must have known he was misleading his members, adding that â€œHe proposed to change the whole system of constitutional government. He was going back to the medieval days of 400 years beforeâ€. The amendment was eventually agreed to by a majority vote, and the Bill was passed.</text>
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                <text>National Library of Australia&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38950206" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38950206&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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                <text>26 December 1935, p. 51.</text>
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                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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