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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87688170" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87688170&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Discovery of Australia: Made in the Fifteenth Century, &lt;em&gt;The Chronicle&lt;/em&gt;, 27 March 1897</text>
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                <text>Aragon, Australian booksellers, Castile, Christopher Columbus (1451-1506), conquest, E. A. Petherick &amp; Co., Edward Augustus Petherick, exploration, Ferdinand II of Aragon (1452-1516), Isabella of Castile (1451-1504), kangaroo, Medieval Spain, New World, paper, Royal Geographical Society.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This short notice in &lt;em&gt;The Chronicle &lt;/em&gt;in 1897 informs readers about a paper in which Edward Augustus Petherick, the head of Australian booksellers E.A. Petherick &amp;amp; Co., would argue that Australia was founded in the medieval period. His evidence, the article advises, was that a kangaroo was presented to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain in 1499. The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand in 1469 unified the houses of Castile and Aragon under one throne. They led the Christian reconquest of Spain and the overthrow of Muslim Granada in the early 1490s, and were at the forefront of New World Exploration in the late fifteenth century. Isabella and Ferdinand authorised and funded the expeditions of Christopher Columbus between 1492 and 1498.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>TROVE: National Library of Australia, &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87688170" target="_self"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87688170&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;The Old Squire&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 28 May 1908</text>
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                <text>â€˜As it is in the Days of Now,â€™ Black Death, conquest, despotism, famine, Henry Lawson (1867-1922), honour, ingratitude, justice, king, knight, knighthood, loyalty, neglect, noble, pestilence, plague, Old Swithin, rescue, service, sickness, siege, Sir William, squire, Swithin, sword, Virland (Old Estonia).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, which was resolutely &amp;ldquo;anti-imperialist&amp;rdquo; in its outlook, published a range of verses, ballads and other &amp;ldquo;poems in which the Middle Ages were represented as despotic and barbaric&amp;rdquo; (Louise D&amp;rsquo;Arcens, &lt;em&gt;Old Songs in the Timeless Land: Medievalism in Australian Literature 1840-1910&lt;/em&gt;, Turnhout, Brepols, 2011, p.143). While &amp;lsquo;The Old Squire&amp;rsquo; doesn&amp;rsquo;t do this explicitly, it is undeniably a &amp;ldquo;tale of faithful service unrewarded&amp;rdquo; (D&amp;rsquo;Arcens, p.144). Here we again follow the adventures of Sir William, Henry Lawson&amp;rsquo;s cuckolded knight from &amp;lsquo;As it is in the Days of Now&amp;rsquo; (See &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1020" target="_self"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1020&lt;/a&gt;). Sir William, his squire, the King and the narrator ride into Virland with the intention of conquering the City, only to find the inhabitants suffering in the throes of the Black Death. Sir William is portrayed in the poem as arrogant and thoughtless for failing to appreciate the longstanding and faithful service of his squire, Old Swithin. After dutifully clearing out the dead from the City, Swithin collapses after trying to rescue a child from plague infested quarters. He is portrayed as noble in character but, unjustly, not in name; instead, &amp;lsquo;His heart was ever pained, / because of that old knighthood / that he should once have gained&amp;rsquo;. When his worth is finally recognised and the King attempts to knight him at the end of the poem, it is too late for he is already dead. While not an outright attack on all authority, this poem &amp;ldquo;implicitly condemns aristocratic arrogance and the [...] inequity of the feudal system&amp;rdquo; (D&amp;rsquo;Arcens, p.144).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>28 May 1908, p.40</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1020"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1020&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;The Sagamen&amp;rsquo;, &lt;em&gt;The Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 2 May 1907</text>
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                <text>armour, battle-axe, conquest, dragon ship, Francis William Ophel (1871-1912), Freya, heroism, Iceland, Norns, Odin, paganism, runes, sagas, shields, Skaldic tales, spells, swords, Thor, Valhalla, Valkyrie, Vikings, violence, warriors.</text>
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                <text>&amp;lsquo;Prospect Good&amp;rsquo; was the nom de plume of the gold prospector, fossicker, and bush poet, Francis William Ophel. This poem, &amp;lsquo;The Sagamen,&amp;rsquo; is filled with vivid imagery drawn in the style of Old Icelandic sagas (Louise D&amp;rsquo;Arcens, &lt;em&gt;Old Songs in the Timeless Land: Medievalism in Australian Literature 1840-1910&lt;/em&gt;, Turnhout, Brepols, 2011, p.142). According to Ophel&amp;rsquo;s logic, the content of these Skaldic tales is no different from speeches and editorials designed to legitimize nineteenth-century imperial narratives; they cleverly subvert truth and disguise real-life events under a nuanced and textured layer of bravado and heroic deeds where violence is praised and overvalued. In contrast, Ophel&amp;rsquo;s is likely suggesting here that there is nothing glorious about slaughter, plunder, theft and rapine, and the over reliance on strong-arm tactics. Presumably the political rationale for this strategy is formed along the lines of: &amp;lsquo;they&amp;rsquo; did it &amp;lsquo;back then,&amp;rsquo; so it must be alright for &amp;lsquo;us&amp;rsquo; to emulate &amp;lsquo;now&amp;rsquo;; but Ophel, who realises that this reasoning is mendacious, states plainly and firmly in The Sagamen&amp;rsquo;s final couplet: &amp;ldquo;The naked truth is hidden / Beneath a web of words".</text>
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                <text>â€˜Prospect Goodâ€™ (Francis William Ophel)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24904">
                <text>2 May 1907, p.43</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24905">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24906">
                <text>Journal (Microfilm)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="153">
        <name>Armour</name>
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      <tag tagId="2771">
        <name>battle-axe</name>
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      <tag tagId="2040">
        <name>conquest</name>
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      <tag tagId="3304">
        <name>dragon ship</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5246">
        <name>Francis William Ophel (1871-1912)</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3171">
        <name>Freya</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5164">
        <name>heroism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3279">
        <name>Iceland</name>
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      <tag tagId="5247">
        <name>Norns</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3173">
        <name>Odin</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5248">
        <name>paganism</name>
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      <tag tagId="2164">
        <name>runes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3111">
        <name>sagas</name>
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      <tag tagId="5249">
        <name>shields</name>
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      <tag tagId="5250">
        <name>Skaldic tales</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5251">
        <name>spells</name>
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      <tag tagId="3145">
        <name>swords</name>
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      <tag tagId="3177">
        <name>Thor</name>
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      <tag tagId="3178">
        <name>Valhalla</name>
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      <tag tagId="5044">
        <name>Valkyrie</name>
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      <tag tagId="2703">
        <name>vikings</name>
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        <name>violence</name>
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        <name>warriors</name>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Streets</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>This Collection analyses popular medievalism in material and public culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on popular medievalist theatre, parades and public spectacles, as well as recreational, literary and political associations. It explores the ways in which medievalism was not simply derivative but also local and disctinctive. In this Collection you will find items relating to medievalism in public contexts and popular culture, and the revisitation or reenactment of the Middle Ages by groups such as the Society for Creative Anachronism.</text>
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      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>Title, URL, Description or annotation.</description>
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        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://catalogue.slwa.wa.gov.au/record=b2198159%7ES2" target="_blank"&gt;http://catalogue.slwa.wa.gov.au/record=b2198159~S2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12709">
                <text>Druids Procession, Nedlands</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12710">
                <text>Battle, Britain, British resistance, Britons, Caractacus, Caratacus, Cartimandua, Catuvellauni tribe, Celtic, Celtic revival, chieftain, Claudius (10BCE-54CE), conquest, druids, druidism, Emperor, execution, exoneration, float, imprisonment, invasion, Izzy Orloff (1891-1983), military prisoner, Nedlands, neo-druidism, pagan, parade, pardon, procession, Roman Emperor, Roman Senate, Rome, speech, Togodumnus, trial, WA, Western Australia</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12711">
                <text>This black and white photograph, taken by WA photographer Izzy Orloff in 1924, depicts a horse-drawn float taking part in a &lt;span class="il"&gt;Druids&lt;/span&gt; procession in Perth in 1924. Being re-enacted on the float, the banner suggests, was the trial of Caractacus before the Roman Emperor. Caractacus was a chieftain of the British Catuvellauni tribe who, with his brother Togodumnus (until he was killed in battle), led the resistance to Roman Conquest in the first century AD. Following Claudius&amp;rsquo; successful invasion of Britain in 43AD, Caractacus went into exile. He was imprisoned years later by Cartimandua in Wales and handed over to the Romans, who sentenced him to execution. Caractacus was allowed to address the Roman Senate before his execution and is reputed to have made such an impression on Emperor Claudius that he was pardoned and permitted to live peacefully in Rome. The Roman invasion of Britain sought to stamp out druidism. However, there is some evidence that &lt;span class="il"&gt;druids&lt;/span&gt;, or members of the priestly class in Celtic society, continued to exist in Ireland at least throughout the early medieval period (See for example, Philip Freeman, "&lt;span class="il"&gt;Druids&lt;/span&gt;" in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Michael Gagarin (ed.), Oxford University Press, 2010, &amp;lt;&lt;a href="http://www.oxford-greecerome.com/entry?entry=t294.e401" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.oxford-greecerome.com/entry?entry=t294.e401&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;, Accessed 6 May 2011).</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12712">
                <text>Orloff, Izzy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12713">
                <text>State Library of Western Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12714">
                <text>Izzy Orloff collection; BA1059/929, State Library of Western Australia, online media reference 012135D.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12715">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12716">
                <text>State Library of Western Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12717">
                <text>Photographic Print</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        <name>battle</name>
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      <tag tagId="1208">
        <name>Britain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2030">
        <name>British resistance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2031">
        <name>Britons</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2032">
        <name>Caractacus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2033">
        <name>Caratacus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2034">
        <name>Cartimandua</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2035">
        <name>Catuvellauni tribe</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2036">
        <name>Celtic</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2037">
        <name>Celtic revival</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2038">
        <name>chieftain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2039">
        <name>Claudius (10BCE-54CE)</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2040">
        <name>conquest</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2042">
        <name>druidism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2041">
        <name>druids</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2043">
        <name>Emperor</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2044">
        <name>execution</name>
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      <tag tagId="2045">
        <name>exoneration</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="478">
        <name>float</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2046">
        <name>imprisonment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2047">
        <name>invasion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1862">
        <name>Izzy Orloff (1891-1983)</name>
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      <tag tagId="2048">
        <name>military prisoner</name>
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      <tag tagId="2049">
        <name>Nedlands</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>neo-druidism</name>
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      <tag tagId="2051">
        <name>pagan</name>
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      <tag tagId="417">
        <name>parade</name>
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        <name>pardon</name>
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      <tag tagId="157">
        <name>procession</name>
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      <tag tagId="2053">
        <name>Roman Emperor</name>
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      <tag tagId="2054">
        <name>Roman Senate</name>
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      <tag tagId="2055">
        <name>Rome</name>
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      <tag tagId="256">
        <name>speech</name>
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      <tag tagId="2056">
        <name>Togodumnus</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>trial</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="838">
        <name>WA</name>
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        <name>Western Australia</name>
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