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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/3312" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/3312&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Adam and Eve (Adam et Ãˆve)</text>
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                <text>Adam, Albert BartholomÃ© (1848-1928), art, biblical, Brancacci Chapel, bronze, cast, Eve, exile, expulsion, Expulsion from Paradise, Florence, Masaccio (c.1401-1428), paradise, sculpture, VIC, Victoria</text>
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                <text>This work by French sculptor Albert BartholomÃ© was acquired by the National Gallery of Victoria with funds from the Felton Bequest in 1922. It is a bronze sculpture depicting the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise. It has been dated to 1905, although the work from which it was cast was probably finished by 1899. The figures of Adam and Eve are believed to be modelled on Masaccioâ€™s fresco, Expulsion from Paradise, (c.1426-1428) in the Brancacci Chapel, Florence (See Ted Gott et al, 19th Century Painting and Sculpture in the International Collections of the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria, 2003, p.112). </text>
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                <text>BartholomÃ©, Albert</text>
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                <text>National Gallery of Victoria</text>
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                <text>National Gallery of Victoria</text>
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                <text>cast 1905</text>
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                <text>National Gallery of Victoria</text>
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                <text>Bronze sculpture, 139.8 x 54.7 x 64.6cm;&#13;
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;To view this image,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; go to: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/CollectionSearch.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; search by artist or title. &lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>Virgin of the Offering</text>
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                <text>Alsace, bronze, Christ, Christianity, Ã‰mile-Antoine Bourdelle (1861-1929), gothic, infant Jesus, Jesus, Madonna, Mary, model, Niederbruck, religious sculpture, Romanesque, sculpture, SA, South Australia, virgin, virgin and child</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This work by French sculptor &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;Eacute;mile-Antoine Bourdelle was gifted to the Art Gallery of South Australia by William Bowmore AO OBE, through the Art Gallery of South Australia Foundation in 1994. It is a 2.5m tall bronze sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus aloft. Along with similar sculptures held by the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo and the National Galleries of Scotland (titled La Vierge d&amp;rsquo;Alsace), this work appears to be a model for Bourdelle&amp;rsquo;s much larger 6m tall stone carving of the subject, which was completed in 1922 and is situated on a hill in Niederbruck, Alsace, France. Bourdelle studied sculpture at the &amp;Eacute;cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris after training as a wood-carver with his father, and entered Rodin&amp;rsquo;s studio as a practitioner in 1893. He incorporated both subjects&amp;nbsp;and techniques from Ancient Greek and medieval sculpture into his work. In &amp;lsquo;Virgin and the Offering&amp;rsquo;, his admiration of gothic and medieval religious art is evident in his choice of subject, while his use of simplified forms is reminiscent of earlier Romanesque sculpture. On the Gothic and Romanesque influences of Bourdelle&amp;rsquo;s work, see the catalogue description of NG Scotland&amp;rsquo;s La Vierge d&amp;rsquo;Alsace at: &lt;a href="http://www.nationalgalleries.org/object/GMA%202" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.nationalgalleries.org/object/GMA 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Bourdelle, Ã‰mile-Antoine</text>
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                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia</text>
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                <text>1921</text>
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                <text>Art Gallery of South Australia</text>
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                <text>Bronze Sculpture, 250 x 90 x 70cm; Hyperlink</text>
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        <name>Ã‰mile-Antoine Bourdelle (1861-1929)</name>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/detail.jsp?ecatKey=4181" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/work/349.2001.a-f/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Second Maquette for the Burghers of Calais</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This piece from the Art Gallery of New South Wales collection is one of 12 bronze sculptures cast from a plaster sculpture created by Rodin in 1885. The original &amp;lsquo;Second Maquette for the Burghers of Calais&amp;rsquo; from which it was cast is currently housed in the Mus&amp;eacute;e Rodin in Paris. The sculpture features six separate figures ranging in size from 60.5cm to 70 cm. Rodin was commissioned in 1884 to produce a monument commemorating the bravery of six Calais burghers who were prepared to sacrifice themselves to save the city&amp;rsquo;s other citizens when Calais fell to the English King, Edward III, during the Hundred Years&amp;rsquo; War in 1347. The figures are Pierre de Weissant, Jean d&amp;rsquo;Aire, Eustache de Saint-Pierre, Jacques de Weissant, Andrieu d&amp;rsquo;Andres and Jean de Fiennes. His first maquette features all of the figures on a shared base, whereas the second consists of six separate figures. For more information, see the accompanying notes on the Gallery of New South Wales website: &lt;a href="http://www.artgallery.sa.gov.au/agsa/home/Collection/detail.jsp?ecatKey=4181" target="_blank"&gt; &lt;span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/work/349.2001.a-f/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Art Gallery of New South Wales: accession number 349.2001.a-f.</text>
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                <text>Modelled 1885; Cast 1972</text>
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                <text>Art Gallery of New South Wales</text>
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                <text>Image of the St George and the Dragon bronze statue at the entrance to the State Library of Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of Viennese-born sculptor Joseph Edgar Boehm. It was purchased by the State Library of Victoria for the sum of Â£1000 following the Centennial International Exhibition in 1888, and was installed at the entrance to the library in 1889. With the exception of some repositioning to accommodate FrÃ©mietâ€™s Jeanne dâ€™Arc statue in 1907, this is where it still stands. The Boehm statue depicts St George, sitting astride his horse wearing a cape and a helmet bearing the distinctive St George cross, in the action of inflicting the dragonâ€™s deathblow by means of a large spear. The legend of St George slaying the dragon is Eastern in origin. It is thought to have been brought back to England by crusaders and was popularised and incorporated into hagiographies of St George in the medieval period in works such as Vincent of Beauvaisâ€™ Speculum Historiale and Jacobus de Voragineâ€™s Golden Legend (c.1260). As with most early Australian images of St George and the Dragon, the statue features the knight and dragon fused in combat, and there is no sign of the maiden who was being saved in the original tale. &#13;
&#13;
For more on the St George legend in Australia, see Andrew Lynch, â€œâ€˜Thingless namesâ€™? The St George Legend in Australiaâ€, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81, Autumn 2008, pp.40-52: http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Image of the Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc bronze statue at  the State Library of  Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of  French sculptor  Emmanuel Fr&amp;eacute;miet, and is a cast of the 1899 version of  his Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc  which stands in the Place des Pyramides in Paris.  Purchased in 1906 by  Bernard Hall, the Director of the National Gallery  of Victoria, with  funds from the Felton Bequest, it was installed at  the entrance to the  State Library of Victoria on 4 February 1907. The  sculpture depicts the  young Joan of Arc astride a war-horse, dressed in  her body-armour and  raising an oriflamme banner.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About Joan of Arc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the French village of Domr&amp;eacute;my. From the   age of about 12, Joan had visions of saints and heard heavenly voices   that increasingly urged her to fight for France during the Hundred   Years&amp;rsquo; War. She travelled to the court of Charles De Ponthieu, the   Orl&amp;eacute;anist claimant to the throne, where she was provided with a suit of   armour and her distinctive banner depicting a golden fleur-de-lys. She   secured a decisive military victory to rescue the city of Orl&amp;eacute;ans from   the Earl of Salisbury&amp;rsquo;s English army in 1429, and was present at the   coronation of Charles VII. However, in May the following year Joan was   captured by Burgundian forces at Compi&amp;egrave;gne, and was handed over to the   English. She was tried at Rouen on charges of witchcraft and heresy, and   was condemned to death. On 30 May 1431, she was executed. Two and a   half decades later, the case was appealed and her conviction was   overturned. She was beatified in 1909 and canonised as a saint in 1920.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For more information about this statue and its background, see Ted  Gott,  &amp;lsquo;An Iron Maiden for Melbourne &amp;ndash; The History and Context of  Emmanuel  Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s 1906 Cast of Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc&amp;rsquo;, The La Trobe Journal,  vol.81,  Autumn 2008, pp.53-68: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Image of the Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc bronze statue at the State Library of  Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of French sculptor  Emmanuel Fr&amp;eacute;miet, and is a cast of the 1899 version of his Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc  which stands in the Place des Pyramides in Paris. Purchased in 1906 by  Bernard Hall, the Director of the National Gallery of Victoria, with  funds from the Felton Bequest, it was installed at the entrance to the  State Library of Victoria on 4 February 1907. The sculpture depicts the  young Joan of Arc astride a war-horse, dressed in her body-armour and  raising an oriflamme banner.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About Joan of Arc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the French village of Domr&amp;eacute;my. From the  age of about 12, Joan had visions of saints and heard heavenly voices  that increasingly urged her to fight for France during the Hundred  Years&amp;rsquo; War. She travelled to the court of Charles De Ponthieu, the  Orl&amp;eacute;anist claimant to the throne, where she was provided with a suit of  armour and her distinctive banner depicting a golden fleur-de-lys. She  secured a decisive military victory to rescue the city of Orl&amp;eacute;ans from  the Earl of Salisbury&amp;rsquo;s English army in 1429, and was present at the  coronation of Charles VII. However, in May the following year Joan was  captured by Burgundian forces at Compi&amp;egrave;gne, and was handed over to the  English. She was tried at Rouen on charges of witchcraft and heresy, and  was condemned to death. On 30 May 1431, she was executed. Two and a  half decades later, the case was appealed and her conviction was  overturned. She was beatified in 1909 and canonised as a saint in 1920.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For more information about this statue and its background, see Ted Gott,  &amp;lsquo;An Iron Maiden for Melbourne &amp;ndash; The History and Context of Emmanuel  Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s 1906 Cast of Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc&amp;rsquo;, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81,  Autumn 2008, pp.53-68: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t5.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>bronze, Centennial International Exhibition, chivalric tradition, crusades, dragon, exhibition, Golden Legend, hagiography, international exhibition, Jacobus de Voragine, knight, legend,  Melbourne, mythology, sculpture, Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890), spear, Speculum Historiale, St George, Saint George, St George and the Dragon sculpture, State Library of Victoria, statue, sword, Victoria, Vincent of Beauvais (c.1190-1264)</text>
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                <text>Images of the St George and the Dragon bronze statue at the entrance to the State Library of Victoria in Melbourne. The statue is the work of Viennese-born sculptor Joseph Edgar Boehm. It was purchased by the State Library of Victoria for the sum of &amp;pound;1000 following the Centennial International Exhibition in 1888, and was installed at the entrance to the library in 1889. With the exception of some repositioning to accommodate Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc statue in 1907, this is where it still stands. The Boehm statue depicts St George, sitting astride his horse wearing a cape and a helmet bearing the distinctive St George cross, in the action of inflicting the dragon&amp;rsquo;s deathblow by means of a large spear. The legend of St George slaying the dragon is Eastern in origin. It is thought to have been brought back to England by crusaders and was popularised and incorporated into hagiographies of St George in the medieval period in works such as Vincent of Beauvais&amp;rsquo; Speculum Historiale and Jacobus de Voragine&amp;rsquo;s Golden Legend (c.1260). As with most early Australian images of St George and the Dragon, the statue features the knight and dragon fused in combat, and there is no sign of the maiden who was being saved in the original tale. For more on the St George legend in Australia, see Andrew Lynch, &amp;ldquo;&amp;lsquo;Thingless names&amp;rsquo;? The St George Legend in Australia&amp;rdquo;, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81, Autumn 2008, pp.40-52: http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html).</text>
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