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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This stained glass window is one of many in the Cloisters of St David&amp;rsquo;s Anglican Cathedral, Hobart. It is a memorial to Charles Henry Bromby (1814-1907), Bishop of Tasmania from 1864-1882. The tracery window features lancet windows of Sts Alban and Columba. St Alban was martyred in 3rd century Britain during Roman rule, and is suitably dressed in the window as a Roman soldier. However he carries a kite shield used in medieval Europe primarily in the 10th to 12th centuries. St Columba (521-597), also known as Colm Cille, was an early medieval Irish missionary monk who preached to the Picts in what is now Scotland. He established the monastery at Iona in the Inner Hebrides of western Scotland. St David&amp;rsquo;s Anglican Cathedral was designed by English architect George Frederick Bodley (1827-1907), Bishop Bromby&amp;rsquo;s brother-in-law, in 1865 in the Gothic Revival style, with further revisions in 1891. As the foundation stone for the Cloisters and Tower were not laid until 1892 they are likely to have been part of those revisions. They were completed and consecrated in 1936, long after the nave had been consecrated in 1874.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;For the artefacts inside the cloisters see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1160"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1160&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For the Cathedral&amp;nbsp;interior see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1198"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1198&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;St David&amp;rsquo;s Anglican Cathedral, Hobart, was designed by English architect George Frederick Bodley (1827-1907)&lt;br /&gt;in 1865 in the Gothic Revival style, with further revisions in 1891. As the foundation stone for the Cloisters and Tower were not laid until 1892 they are likely to have been part of those revisions.However, Hobart architect Alan Cameron Walker&amp;nbsp;(1864-1931) was also involved in their design. They were completed and consecrated in 1936. The Cloisters building links the cathedral to the tower and are topped by a crenelated parapet. The also feature buttresses, and lancet windows with blind arcading, tracery and stained glass. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For the artefacts inside the cloisters see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1160"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1160&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For the cathedral tower see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1145"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1145&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For the interior see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1198"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1198&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;St David&amp;rsquo;s Cathedral, Hobart, was designed by English architect George Frederick Bodley (1827-1907) in 1865 in the Gothic Revival style, with further revisions in 1891. As the foundation stone for the Cloisters and Tower were not laid until 1892 they are likely to have been part of those revisions. They were completed and consecrated in 1936. The Cloisters building acts as a museum and features a number of original medieval artefacts on its walls. The photographs below are of four of the items: a sculpture of a head from the wall of the twelfth-century St Patrick&amp;rsquo;s Cathedral in Dublin, a pillar from a spire on the fourteenth-century Salisbury Cathedral in England, a fifteenth-century Tudor Rose stone from the eleventh-century Westminster Hall in London, and a stone from the sixth-century St David&amp;rsquo;s Cathedral in Wales. The artefacts in the Cloisters provide a good opportunity for the public to interact with medieval material culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For the exterior of the cloisters see &lt;a href="http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1163"&gt;http://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/items/show/1163&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>An image of The Cloisters building in Perth. The brick building was designed by Richard Rosch Jewell for Perthâ€™s first Anglican Bishop, Mathew Hale. It was built by convicts in 1858 as the colonyâ€™s first secondary school, the Perth Church of England Collegiate School. The building has Gothic and Victorian Tudor style features including crenellation, a central tower, blind arch, and Gothic arcading.</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>architecture, architect, gothic architecture, gothic revival, neo-gothic, Arts and Administration Building, cloisters, commemoration, coogee stone, Court of Honour, dais, George Benson, Great Gate, great hall, Hackett Hall, jarrah flooring, library, marble flooring, monument, Mervyn Napier Wallace, Rodney Alsop, Romanesque style, rose window, Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848-1916), The University of Western Australia, vaulted ceilings, Winthrop Hall</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This article provides a description of Winthrop Hall and the Hackett Buildings at the University of Western Australia by the architect, Rodney Alsop, shortly after they were opened in 1932. Alsop describes the guidelines he was set, namely that there was to be a multi-functional hall capable of seating a large number of people, two other buildings that would house lecture rooms, offices, the University administration, the Guild and a refectory, and that the buildings were to be monumental in order to adequately commemorate their founder, Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848-1916). Alsop explains his rationale for the lay out of the buildings along three sides of the Court of Honour, (with the fourth side open to what was then known as the Perth-Fremantle road) and the addition of â€˜cloistersâ€™ along the front of the Hackett Hall and the Arts and Administration Building as an attempt to unify the different buildings. He refers to Winthrop Hall repeatedly as a â€˜great hallâ€™ and describes its shape as rectangular with transepts at the ends of the dais â€œafter the tradition of the halls of Englandâ€. He also describes some of its main features, including the rose window and elaborately patterned ceiling in the hall, and the vaulted ceiling, marble floor and colourful mosaics in the foyer.&#13;
&#13;
The architecture is influenced by the Romanesque style of the medieval period, which is suggested by the semi-circular arches, stone columns, arcading, thick walls and large square tower. However, the architect stops short of saying this definitively. On the style from which the architectural design for the buildings was developed, Alsop initially states that â€œit arose as the natural outcome of the planning, combined with the study of the architecture of older countries, with climate and other conditions not unlike those in Western Australiaâ€. Later in the article, he elaborates slightly: â€œWhile the ancestry of the style used is undoubtedly Italian, it has been anglicised and adapted to the local conditions, and cannot be called Italian, Spanish, or any other foreign style. It is my conception of architecture suitable for the University of Western Australia.â€</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3065">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3066">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3067">
                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3068">
                <text>21 April 1932, pp.13-14.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3069">
                <text>The Western Mail</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3070">
                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3071">
                <text>English</text>
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        <name>architect</name>
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        <name>architecture</name>
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        <name>Cloisters</name>
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        <name>commemoration</name>
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        <name>coogee stone</name>
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        <name>Court of Honour</name>
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        <name>dais</name>
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        <name>George Benson</name>
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        <name>gothic architecture</name>
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        <name>Great Gate</name>
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        <name>Great Hall</name>
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        <name>Hackett Hall</name>
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        <name>jarrah flooring</name>
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      <tag tagId="929">
        <name>library</name>
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        <name>marble flooring</name>
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      <tag tagId="931">
        <name>Mervyn Napier Wallace</name>
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      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>monument</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="71">
        <name>neo-Gothic</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="803">
        <name>Rodney Alsop</name>
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      <tag tagId="804">
        <name>Romanesque style</name>
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      <tag tagId="908">
        <name>rose window</name>
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      <tag tagId="909">
        <name>Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848-1916)</name>
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      <tag tagId="807">
        <name>The University of Western Australia</name>
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      <tag tagId="932">
        <name>vaulted ceilings</name>
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      <tag tagId="809">
        <name>Winthrop Hall</name>
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  <item itemId="46" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="717">
        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9572d81659214852f2250cc1df6c8dbb.pdf</src>
        <authentication>df8b894b031a74f9458170c75d3cef10</authentication>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34458">
                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34459">
                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17263">
                <text>"Australian War Memorial: Largest Stone Building in the Southern Hemisphere."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17264">
                <text>ACT, architecture, Australian Capital Territory, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, cloisters, Court of Honour, gargoyles,  Hall of Memory, loggia, medieval architecture, memorial, monument, sandstone, stone building, Tower, war, war memorial.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17265">
                <text>This article from The Canberra Times in 1941 provides an update on the building of the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Construction had begun in 1937, and the Memorial was set to be the largest stone building in the southern hemisphere. A description of the memorial is provided, from which it is apparent that some of its features are based on medieval architecture. This includes a row of decorative gargoyles lining the Court of Honour, and the inclusion of loggia and cloisters in the overall design.  Cloisters were a common feature of medieval monasteries, while gargoyles were used in gothic architecture to direct water away from buildings. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17266">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17267">
                <text>The National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2561830" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2561830&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17268">
                <text>The Canberra Times</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17269">
                <text>15 July 1941</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17270">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17271">
                <text>Newspaper Article</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
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        <name>ACT</name>
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      <tag tagId="74">
        <name>architecture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3272">
        <name>Australian Capital Territory</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1489">
        <name>Australian War Memorial</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1032">
        <name>Canberra</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="277">
        <name>Cloisters</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="924">
        <name>Court of Honour</name>
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      <tag tagId="911">
        <name>gargoyles</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3529">
        <name>Hall of Memory</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="964">
        <name>loggia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3530">
        <name>medieval architecture</name>
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      <tag tagId="1891">
        <name>memorial</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>monument</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3107">
        <name>sandstone</name>
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      <tag tagId="1008">
        <name>stone building</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="270">
        <name>tower</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1615">
        <name>war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3487">
        <name>war memorial</name>
      </tag>
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  <item itemId="21" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="623">
        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/550253e55bbd831bf9cc9af2d9bec887.pdf</src>
        <authentication>f551577d1ba654b09f71a772596c8906</authentication>
      </file>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34456">
                  <text>Medievalism in the Classroom</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34457">
                  <text>This Collection traces the development of academic medievalism in Australiaâ€™s universities, and explores the disciplineâ€™s complex ideological affiliations. In this Collection you will find items relating to: the medievalist content of educational programmes, such as examples of university unit outlines; the teaching of the medieval through processes of medievalism, such as in demonstrations of medieval cooking or fighting techniques; and references to the medieval in modern educational debates and contexts.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14363">
                <text>Modelling Display by Student Teachers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14364">
                <text>bell tower, class, classroom, cloisters, curriculum, display, ecclesiastical building, education, exhibition, medieval monastery, modelling, replica, school, student, student teachers, Teachers Training College </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14365">
                <text>This photograph of a replica medieval monastery was featured in Melbourne newspaper The Argus in 1937. It was constructed by student teachers at the Teachers Training College as part of an exhibition of works, and was designed as a modelling task for school children. The cloisters and bell tower common of medieval monasteries are featured in the model. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14366">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14367">
                <text>National Library of Australia: &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11094482" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11094482&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14368">
                <text>The Argus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14369">
                <text>4 September 1937</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14370">
                <text>No Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14371">
                <text>Newspaper article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="942">
        <name>bell tower</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="85">
        <name>children</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1158">
        <name>class</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="561">
        <name>classroom</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="277">
        <name>Cloisters</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="434">
        <name>college</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2816">
        <name>curriculum</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="169">
        <name>display</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1455">
        <name>ecclesiastical building</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="90">
        <name>education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1128">
        <name>exhibition</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="100">
        <name>medieval monastery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3631">
        <name>modelling</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>school</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3629">
        <name>student teachers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="254">
        <name>students</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3630">
        <name>Teachers Training College</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
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