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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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              <text>&lt;span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;"&gt; &lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59979957" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59979957&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Statue of St George and the Dragon in the Exhibition</text>
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                <text>Alexandria, bronze, centennial, Centennial International Exhibition, combat, Dog River, dragon, evil, exhibition, griffon, idealisation, iguana, international exhibition, good, Great Hall, legend,  Melbourne, mythology, Royal Exhibition Building, sculpture, showcase, Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890), spear, St George, St George and the Dragon sculpture, State Library of Victoria, statue, sword, Victoria, World Fair, wyvern</text>
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                <text>In this article from the Australian Illustrated News, Joseph Edward Boehm&amp;rsquo;s statue of St George and the Dragon is lauded as &amp;ldquo;perhaps one of the finest examples in bronze that has ever appeared in the colony&amp;rdquo;. The statue, which depicts St George astride his horse, armed with a large spear and inflicting the death blow on a &amp;ldquo;very substantial reptile, neither a griffon nor a wyvern, but partaking strongly of the nature of an iguana&amp;rdquo;, was displayed in the Great Hall during the 1888 International Exhibition in Melbourne. The article&amp;rsquo;s praise for this work stands in contradiction to former criticisms of the sculpture from the likes of Edmund Grosse for lacking &amp;lsquo;largeness&amp;rsquo; and for being overly poetic and idealised (See Andrew Lynch, &amp;ldquo;&amp;lsquo;Thingless names&amp;rsquo;? The St George Legend in Australia&amp;rdquo;, The La Trobe Journal, vol.81, Autumn 2008, pp.40-52: &lt;a href="http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-81/t1-g-t4.html&lt;/a&gt;). The author of the article suggests that although &amp;ldquo;strict probabilities&amp;rdquo; had not been observed, the sculpture was to be commended for its aesthetically pleasing depiction of a combat between good and evil.&lt;br /&gt; Boehm&amp;rsquo;s statue of St George and the Dragon was purchased by the State Library of Victoria for the sum of &amp;pound;1000 following the Exhibition. It was installed at the entrance to the library in 1889 where, after some slight repositioning to accommodate Fr&amp;eacute;miet&amp;rsquo;s Jeanne d&amp;rsquo;Arc in 1907, it still stands.</text>
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                <text>The Illustrated Australian News</text>
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                <text>15 September 1888</text>
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                <text>The Illustrated Australian News</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>No Risks with Magna Carta</text>
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                <text>Acquisition, Australian Parliament, Canberra, charter, Commonwealth Investigations Branch, constitution, constitutional law, government, Bill of Rights, Great Charter (1215), inspeximus, King Edward I (r.1272-1307), King John (r.1199-1216), law, Magna Carta, medieval document, medieval government, medieval law, medieval parliament, medieval statute, parliament, Parliament House, statute</text>
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                <text>In 1952, the Australian government purchased an inspeximus copy of Magna Carta from the reign of Edward I. This document confirmed and re-enacted the main provisions of the Great Charter signed by King John in 1215, and was enacted by parliament in 1297. This brief notice in the Sunday Times informs readers that the medieval document had arrived in Australia and had been transported to Parliament House, where it would be kept in the vault.</text>
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                <text>30 November 1952, p. 8</text>
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                <text>The Sunday Times</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>Anglican Church Dispute: Use of Vestments</text>
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                <text>In this article, a summary is provided of the Archbishop of Sydneyâ€™s response to a memorial regarding the controversial debate over the wearing of vestments by Anglican clergy. According to Dr Wright, the article reports, the use of vestments was deliberately discarded by the Anglican Church at the reformation along with other aspects of medieval theology, and the â€œrevivalâ€ of vestments equated to â€œa deliberate reintroduction of medieval usageâ€. He therefore would not sanction the use of vestments until the canon law was altered to make the practice legal.&#13;
 &#13;
John Charles Wright was appointed Archbishop of Sydney in 1909. He was known for his adherence to laws of the Church, and for his insistence that his role was to administer the existing laws, not devise new ones. He was particularly opposed to the use of the chasuble by Anglican clergy, and made clergy within his diocese agree not to wear them. See Stephen E. Judd, â€œWright, John Charles (1861-1933)â€, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 12, Melbourne University Press, 1990, pp. 585-586.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>In this article from a regular childrenâ€™s column in the Sunday Times called â€œThe Girls and Boys Clubâ€, a standard and idealised description of medieval manor houses is provided. According to the author, a fifteenth-century manor house was a grand residence that featured a great hall, a huge kitchen with adjoining pantry and buttery, a large dining-room, a private chapel, an aviary, a tower, courtyards and beautifully landscaped gardens. It was presided over by a lord and is described as a â€˜little townâ€™ because it housed hundreds of people. An interesting but unexplained comment towards the end of the article also suggests that manor houses had underground tunnels because in the â€˜bad old daysâ€™ of the medieval period, the Lord of the manor â€˜was likely to make enemies almost overnight, through no fault of his ownâ€™.</text>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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                <text>Victor Hugoâ€™s novel, Notre-Dame de Paris, anglicised to â€˜The Hunchback of Notre Dameâ€™ explores a number of themes: the role of religious fanaticism in medieval theology, passion and, for Hugo, old versus new Paris. Franceâ€™s most famous medieval cathedral is the â€˜starâ€™ of the show and functions as a backdrop for and focus of the story. The cathedral is portrayed as a place of political and criminal sanctuary (Westminster Church in fourteenth-century London) and a symbol of all that is decaying in Paris. The novel mobilized interest in the cathedral to such an extent that a restoration project followed shortly after. It strengthened a worldwide interest in gothic revival architecture. The review in the West Australian suggests that â€˜religious offenceâ€™ occurs in the novel but has been ironed out in the film. Whether this offence is anti-Catholic rhetoric or sensitivity to Catholic sentiment in Australia is speculative. &#13;
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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                <text>The Usher of the Black Rod</text>
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                <text>In this article from the Western Mail, the use of the traditional medieval title â€œThe Usher of the Black Rodâ€ for the parliamentary official who acts as a messenger for the Lords in Commons is addressed. In deciding to adopt the full title Western Australia followed an example that had been set by Tasmania, Queensland and New South Wales. Victoria, in contrast, opted to shorten the title to â€œUsherâ€, while South Australia dispensed with it altogether and addressed the corresponding official by the title â€œSergeant-at-Armsâ€.  The continued use of the full title in four of the six Australian parliaments, the article suggests, â€œis an instance of that devotion to old institutions which even in these days of all manner of change is a very pronounced English characteristicâ€. The prestige accompanying the office of the Usher of the Black Rod dates from the attachment of the original Usher to the Knights of the Garter, the highest order of English sovereigns.  </text>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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                  <text>Medievalism at the Foundations</text>
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                  <text>This Collection illustrates how medievalism has always existed â€˜in plain viewâ€™ in Australian public life, as a conspicuous cultural memory ghosting Australiaâ€™s modernity. It focuses on discourses about, debates over, and changing interpretations of i) Australiaâ€™s medievalist political and religious institutions and rituals, ii) its architecture, and iii) its civic environment. In this Collection are items relating to all three of these key areas. Firstly, you will find items that point to the medieval influences and inflections that still permeate and influence our political, legal and religious institutions and traditions. Secondly, you will find numerous examples of neo-gothic and neo-romanesque architecture, and some cases where architectural features are known to have been modelled on specific medieval buildings. Thirdly, you will find items relating to the ways in which medievalism is incorporated into our civic environments and expressed through statues, monuments and war memorials.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>arcade, arcades, architecture, Bernard Evans, bypass, Claude de Bernales, clock, cobblestones, dragon, Elizabethan, Hay Street, horse, horseback, Inter-War, Old English style, joust, jousting, knight, lance, London Court, â€œmedieval monstrosityâ€, pageantry, Perth, Plaza Arcade, retail, shops, St George, Saint George, St Georgeâ€™s Terrace, tournament, tourney, Tudor, WA, Western Australia</text>
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                <text>This article from the Western Argus provides details of two clocks that were to be installed in London Court. After noting the accuracy of the clocks, which were designed to lose no more than a thousandth of a second per hour, the author provides a description of the mechanised features that would accompany them. One would (and does) show â€œSt George unmounted and brandishing a stainless steel sword chasing a dragon around a circuit each quarter of an hourâ€ and beheading him on the hour, while the other would show four knights jousting. London Court is otherwise described by the author as a â€œmedieval monstrosityâ€, standing in stark contrast to the modern architecture of the surrounding area.&#13;
&#13;
London Court is a retail shopping arcade that runs between St Georgeâ€™s Terrace and Hay Street in the centre of Perth. Completed in 1937, the building was commissioned by WA entrepreneur Claude de Bernales and designed by Melbourne based architect Bernard Evans. London Court is distinctive for its Inter-War Old English style of architecture.</text>
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                <text>Anon.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"&gt;National Library of Australia, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34959101" target="_blank"&gt;http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34959101&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Western Argus</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>19 October 1937, p. 18</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6740">
                <text>Western Argus</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Newspaper Article;&#13;
PDF</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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        <name>â€œmedieval monstrosityâ€</name>
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        <name>Claude de Bernales</name>
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        <name>clock</name>
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        <name>horse</name>
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        <name>London Court</name>
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        <name>Perth</name>
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        <name>Plaza Arcade</name>
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        <name>retail</name>
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        <name>Saint George</name>
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        <name>shops</name>
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        <name>St George</name>
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        <name>St Georgeâ€™s Terrace</name>
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        <name>tournament</name>
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        <name>tourney</name>
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        <name>Tudor</name>
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        <name>WA</name>
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        <name>Western Australia</name>
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        <src>https://ausmed.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a83945794d7c12f1affc3a5c401be031.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medievalism on the Page</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This Collection examines literary medievalism from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It traces an arc from the populist literary medievalism of the nineteenth century, through the more rarefied modernist turn of the mid-twentieth century, to the re-emergence of popular forms such as childrenâ€™s literature and fantasy since the 1980s. In this Collection you will find items relating to printed medievalist works and also to medievalism operating in print, for example in references to medieval events, people, and literature in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts and dramatic works.</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="6778">
              <text>Newspaper article</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6768">
                <text>Tristram and Iseult. A Long Narrative Poem.</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6769">
                <text>Arthur, Arthurian, Arthurian legend, Arthurian romance, legend, romance, Celtic legend, Cornwall, Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935), Iseult, Isolde, Isolt, knight, â€˜Lancelotâ€™, Mark, medieval poetry, â€˜Merlinâ€™, narrative poem, Norman poem, Pictish king, poem, poetry, review, trilogy, Tristan, Tristram, â€˜Tristram and Iseultâ€™, Tristran, Tristrem, Yseult</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6770">
                <text>This article from the Western Mail offers a positive review of Edwin Arlington Robinsonâ€™s long narrative poem â€˜Tristramâ€™, published in 1927. Following poems titled â€˜Merlinâ€™ in 1917 and â€˜Lancelotâ€™ in 1920, this poem is the third instalment in a trilogy by Robinson based on Arthurian legends. â€˜Tristramâ€™ is a retelling, in blank verse, of BÃ©roulâ€™s late twelfth-century medieval romance â€˜Tristram and Iseultâ€™. The story of Tristram and Iseult is a tale of adulterous love between a Cornish Knight and the Irish bride of his uncle, King Mark. Robinson was awarded a Pulitzer prize for his â€˜Tristramâ€™ in 1928.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6771">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6772">
                <text>National Library of Australia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6773">
                <text>The Western Mail</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6774">
                <text>4 August 1927, p. 8</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6775">
                <text>The Western Mail</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6776">
                <text>Newspaper Article;&#13;
PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6777">
                <text>English</text>
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      <tag tagId="2105">
        <name>â€˜Lancelotâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜Merlinâ€™</name>
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        <name>â€˜Tristram and Iseultâ€™</name>
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        <name>Arthur</name>
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        <name>Arthurian</name>
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        <name>Arthurian legend</name>
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        <name>Arthurian romance</name>
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        <name>Celtic legend</name>
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        <name>Cornwall</name>
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        <name>Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)</name>
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        <name>Iseult</name>
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        <name>Isolde</name>
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        <name>Isolt</name>
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      <tag tagId="96">
        <name>knight</name>
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        <name>legend</name>
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        <name>mark</name>
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        <name>medieval poetry</name>
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        <name>narrative poem</name>
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        <name>Pictish king</name>
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        <name>poem</name>
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        <name>poetry</name>
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        <name>romance</name>
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        <name>trilogy</name>
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        <name>Tristan</name>
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        <name>Tristram</name>
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        <name>Tristran</name>
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        <name>Tristrem</name>
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        <name>Yseult</name>
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